Dogfight over Europe: Ryanair Essay

A. What is Ryanairs strategy and why has it been successful so far? In 1911, Ryanair faced cash flow problem, and was passing game to be bankrupted. However, it found the way to overcome this crisis by transform themselves from ordinary high-price airlines into the lowest price airline in the EU. They directioned on 5 things to rebirth their company.1. Focused on cut down the costs Ryanair aggressively cut closely of its costs in umteen ways. Found the routes and airports that charged low landing fees, and low turnaround costs Chose routes to Secondary airports, low airport feeEliminated all in-flight amenitiesUsed alloy stairs instead of air bridgePaid lower commissions to travel agentsSaved cost in its internal operationsImplemented economies of scale by using one model aircraft and treating all customers equally2. Focused on operating efficiency Ryanair carefully allocate all of its resources and assets to get the highest performance outcome. Optimized airplanes usages by relo cating the planes used in loss-making routes to gain-making routes. Attempted to change magnitude aircraft turnaround rate in many ways Operated only one type of aircraftProvided the newsletter to employees, which contained its and its competitors movements3. Focused on customer satisfactions Ryanair sustained customer care. Even though they are mostly middle-to-low classes who expected less services due to the lowest airfares, they would receive more than their expectation. on that full stop were 160 full-time reservation agents at its call enter at Dublin answered calls Maintained its record for on-time flight due to good-performed aircraft turnaround Received airfares in other currencyHad fewer restrictions to change the tickets4. Focused on ancillary income Ryanair gained extra revenue from other sales and services. In-flight sales beverages, snacks, and traditional itemsAdvertised spaces rentalOther referred fees5. Focused on its employees Ryanair never forgot to sustain an d motivate employees. Imprinted its values to employees. the firms as brutally cost conscious Gave its stock options to employeesRewards system varied with performance, commission, and bodily profits Had lots of job opportunities, e.g. promotion or rotationHad no bureaucracy and hierarchyCompared to its competitors, Ryanair became succeed because it was the first low-cost airlines which provided low airfares that generate increased volume of customers. At the same time, it had maintained a continuous focus on customer satisfactions, cost management and operating efficiencies, leading to the great nature that transfer from mouth to mouth by its loyalty customers. That created more customer and more income, being its sources of fund for reinvest. Also, the extra revenue from sales, advertised spaces renting, and referral fees could support its pecuniary health and accommodate it to sell the ticket more lower price. Moreover, started with people, Ryanairs employees shared the same v alues and goals with their company, cost-conscious with good-services.Sharing the companys benefit with them in like manner motivated them to work better and better. This was the other important foundation for its success. Thats why, Ryanair was success and became very high competitiveness in this market. B. Looking to the future, what should be the strategic concerns of Ryanair? What recommendations would you make to the top management? In my opinions, the most strategic concerns of Ryanair is its competitors. Assuming we were in 1999, at that time, no carrier that were Ryanairs primary competitor. However, in this year, no-frills(prenominal) carriers accounted for 3% of the European air travel market. This implied that the competition would be more intense. I would like to go through each competitors one-by-one. vestal Express It was most harmful competitor. It had many features as same as Ryanair, and some of them were better than Ryanairs, e.g. nine languages services in ticke t reservations, no physical tickets (lower its costs), etc. Virgin Expresss financial lost in 1998 might be resulted from only a shortage of pilots. If Virgin Express could fix that problems, continuously rectify its features, and fully implement cost control, it would become very competitiveness to the market. Suggestion for Ryanair Sustain doing theways Ryanair was, improve quality of service, innovate the ways to reduce costs, and focus more in marketing and creating brand awareness easyJet It was also harmful competitor. It had the same business model concerned about cost control, it gradually grew and was going to change from subcontracting to their own operation by reinvesting.However, its philosophy was wont complete with other low-fare guys. Suggestion for Ryanair Quickly expand the flying routes and grasp that benefits forrader easyJet does. British Airways Go British Airways Go had powerful backups and great brand values. It provided better service in-flight but also sol d ticket at the cheap price. Leading to the price competition in the future. Suggestion for Ryanair The company have to innovate its new unique point to eliminate the problem that it would have faced the loss of its customers to the competitors. It also need to in-depth its group of customers to find the ways out. Also, Ryanair have to be alert all the time. As the market become more intense, only dynamic organization can survive.

Managing Diversity and Ethics in the Workplace Essay

IntroductionThere steps drawing cards and managers can take to effectively manage mutation and ethics concerns. How a manager effectively manages ethics and diversity, inwardly the organization is directly correlated to the cultural, organizational and external environment influence ethical behavior. oneness of the steps drawing cards and managers can take is to incorporate diversity teaching of the organization. This big step puts the organization on its way toward maintaining a comfortably balanced various(a) organizational horticulture within a accompany. When it comes to managing diversity in the trainplace, there be many attri scarcelyes that go into a successful didactics session. (Jones, 2011, p. 164), managers can take steps to change attitudes and values and promote the effective centering of diversity. miscellanea cultivation within an organization is an effective step in changing the values and promotes the effective leaders and solicitude of diversity with in the organization is a big step towards maintaining a well balanced divers(a) organizational culture within a company.Every leader of an organization implores and implements diverse diversity educate tactics. Some companies discombobulate strict diversity training seminars that include power point presentations with a piece of rules for do and dont. Other organizations implement an to a greater extent interactive method with diverse conventions as a means to similarly reap the benefits of a diverse workforce For example at Sodexo and Principle Financial Group (Jones, 2011 p. 143) Sodexo encourages managers equal Ron Bond to interact with diverse groups to gain a split up appreciation and understanding of their experience.Sodexo accognitiond and understands that when diversity is manage effectively organizations can benefit the organization as a diverse workforce bring, diverse perspectives, points of view, experience and knowledge. Sodexo in like manner provide their em ployees with extensive diversity training, which encourages managers to be mentors and interact with diverse groups. According to Sodexo web site they At Sodexo we work around five pillars gender, generations, disability, ethnical origins and LGBT to foster a culture that embraces differences and celebrates unique ideas, perspectives, experiences and talents. As we strive to challenge stereotypes and disseminate the business case for diversity, we believe it is critical to train all managers and employees. (Sodex 2012). Sodexo USAs diversity learning strategy offers awareness training and skills building labs on topics ranging from generations in the piece of work to cross-cultural communications. chase the U.S. example, a broadcast designed to heighten awareness, building skills and provide tools for managing within a diverse working(a) environment were launched throughout Europe. (Sodex 2012). An organization such as Deloitte & Touche, stimulate instituted a program to encour age minority suppliers to complete for its businesses, and the firm sponsors schools and colleges that supply a stream of well-trained recruits. (Jones, 2011, p. 145). According to Googles corporate website on diversity, The Diversity training is designed to ensure our employees have the awareness, skills and knowledge to build and retain the workforce to fuel Google globally.Our diversity education programs includes all smells surrounding employment that compute to create a culture of inclusion with a focus on improving recruitment strategies and techniques for identifying high-value diverse talent (Google 2010). Google also says that At Google, we are committed to a supportive work environment, where employees have the opportunity to reach their fullest potential. Each Googler is expected to do his or her utmost to create a respectful workplace culture that is free of harassment, intimidation, bias and unlawful discrimination of any kind (Google 2010).The website goes on to sa y that employment at Google is based solely upon individual virtuousness and qualifications directly related to professionalcompetence and is non based on the basis of race, color, religion, veteran status, national origin, ancestry, pregnancy status, energise, gender identity or expression, age, matrimonial status, mental or physical disability, medical condition, sexual orientation or any other characteristics protected by law (Google 2010). This tells us that Google treats everyone equally, and gives them the same opportunities as everyone else. Equality challenging for diversity stakeholders and executives is getting the leaders team to corroborate and implement that things have changed harnessing cultural diversity through training increase productivity as such must be a major part of an organization. (Jones, 2011 p. 165) demonstrates number organizations are implementing programs within the organization that requires interaction.One of such organizational program whereby top managers spend time performing the same work duties as employees to improve and understand the challenges employees face was DaVita Inc. DaVita Inc., is a major supplier of kidney dialysis service, in the U.S. and turn the three top seniors executives have never worked in a dialysis clinic, exchange work places and now work three days in the clinic. The executives were provided with a better insight and understanding of the nature of the technicians jobs, on with the how emotional the job is and the effects on the technicians. There is no better way to understand diverse group than interaction, joining together at certain times in order to interact and communicate.Leadership of TeamsEssential important when implementing a change of the organization burden values, and goals is to form a top management team. (Jones, 2011 p. 499). Top management teams are the ones responsible for developing diversity training methods and a strategy to implement the training within the organizat ion in order to achieve the organization goals. Top management teams, are normally compose to a diverse group, with knowledge, expertise and experience in stressing diversity. As cross-functional top management team the members are comprised from the various departments within the organization as a formal group. The top management as a formal group, come together to form a cross-cultural team, by following the five stages of forming a group, as group role is to differentiate the behaviors and task. One of the behaviors for diversity training is that the members of theteam to lead by example, in demonstrating ethical and social responsibility. By treating employees based on skills rather than age, sex or race.The integration of leadership exercises in diversity training programs give swear out employees realize the importance of this put within the organization. There are many reasons as to why there must be a diverse team of leadership from top management from different backgrou nds, ethnicity, age, gender, or education so that the company can integrate points of views from mint from different walks of liveliness. In diversity training, employees would be made to realize that anyone can be a leader regardless of age, sex or race. Leadership skill workshops can be introduced at the work place to educate employees and encourage them to cultivate these skills. Many tribe confuse management and leadership to be the same thing. There are many people from diverse backgrounds who are managers. Management focuses on establishing detailed plans and schedules for achieving certain results, then providing resources to get to the plan.The jobs need to be filled with qualified individuals who understand the direction of the company. Leadership, on the other hand, creates change, oft to a dramatic degree. Leadership calls for creating a more cost-efficient or imaginative process for a future vision. While there are some managers who are leaders, there are some who are not. be both a good manager as well as a good leader is a balance between learned concepts of leadership as well as inborn traits of a leader. One reason that leadership in diversity training is necessary is because people from different backgrounds have different life experiences. These life experiences gives character, and their character is what determines what kind of leader they will end up being. For example, a potential leader will show fast characteristics like drive, energy, determination, self-discipline, willpower and a need for excellence. On the other hand, a person with weak character will show none of these traits.Their traits will be disorganized and random, and they will attract no followers. To be an effective leader, one must be desireworthy and ethical. A supervisor or manager at a company will only be well liked and looked up to if his employees trust him. In any organization, a leaders actions set the pace and the way a leader behaves if closely watched and noticed by his employees. This behavior wins trust, loyalty, and ensures the organizationscontinued prosperity. One of the ways to build trust is to display a good sense of character composed of beliefs, values, skills, and traits and to not be discriminatory towards people. In diversity training tactics, it might be reformatory to pair those with leadership potential with other leaders from different backgrounds so that they can learn the qualities of being an effective leader from each other. It might also be interesting to note how leaders from different backgrounds and ages tackle problems. There are many ways of being a leader, and people with different life experiences will tackle problems in a different way, depending on the situation and their background.For example, leaders like presidents of countries operate differently from leaders of companies. In diversity training, by chance an exercise could be undertaken that readys the employee chose a scenario and act as a leader in that scenario in order to explore different types of leadership. Diversity training workshops should also focuses on crucial leadership traits that may be of use within the organization. One leadership trait is the trait of courage. Leaders are usually untroubled of taking on challenging tasks. They display a confident calmness when under stress and plan out strategies in order to overcome obstacles in their path. People from minority backgrounds should take particular interest in this trait because they are working to get ahead in a world where they are a minority. Another example of a leadership trait is justice. Good leaders treat everyone fairly and display empathy by being sensitive to the feelings, values, interests, and well-being of others.They are non-prejudiced towards their employees and clients and make everyone feel like their voices are being heard. For example, a manager at a board meeting hears both sides of a myth before deciding on a course of action. Leadership seminars are particularly important in companies with many diverse employees because leaders build a foundation in their organization, as well as build a sense of trust with their employees. In a company, the leader or manager has to make sure the culture of the organization is positive and that the work flow is productive. The most important person in shaping an organizations culture is the leader of the organization. A leader at the executive level is the main source for the creation and implementing the culture and everything it stands for.The leader originally decides what the core values of the organization will be, how they will go to the highest degree their business and what rules they will follow. He is in charge of shaping the culture and managing it. An understanding of the diversity within the organization and the knowledge of how to mold different people together it is a necessary skill for leaders trying to achieve a strategic outcome. Along with the divers ity and culture of an organization, potential leaders must also pay attention to the climate of an organization. The climate is the feel of the organization as well as the individual and divided perceptions and attitudes of the organizations members. The climate of an organization represents the beliefs about the vibe or feel of the workplace by the employees.This individual perception of the way the organization feels comes from what the people believe about the activities that occur in the organization. These activities influence both individual and team motivation and satisfaction and the employee questions the actions and principles of the leader. These directly relate to diversity because sometimes people are unsure of how to treat other at times due to the difference in religious beliefs or opinions. If a leader outlines a usual code of conduct for all employees that takes into account everyones beliefs and expectation, a negative climate situation can be avoided. The climat e of an organization should bring about a feeling of assurance to the employees so that they know that they are doing things right and behaving appropriately.Leading Change and Managing ConflictManaging conflicts within the organization today requires the type of leader that is able to communicate and collaboration when working with a diverse workforce. Conflict is a an inevitable part of any organization, as goals of shareholders, managers and employees are more than often incompatible. (Jones, 2011, p. 566). When there is a crisis within an organization, a leader needs to be able to rise to the occasion, and bring out extraordinary leadership qualities by commencement determining what type of conflict is involved such interpersonal, intra group, inter group and interorganizational, understanding these various types of conflict and how they differ service of processs a manager deal with the conflict. except a manager needs to understand the source of the conflict, whether it see m from differentgoals and time horizons, overlapping authority, and/or task interdependencies. When a manager is able to make do the type of conflict and source he can focus on a fair consist distribution of justice equability. By cultivating leadership skills in employees, people from different cultures and backgrounds begin to trust each other because they are all leaders and they view themselves as equal to one another.The leadership aspect of diversity training should also outline how to be a respectful, unbiased leader when it comes to other cultures and ages within the organization. Employees observing a leader do not look at the traits or attributes of a leader, rather, they observe what the leader does in order to decide whether their supervisor really is a good leader or not. They use this observation to tell whether the leader is an honorable person or a self-seeking person who discriminates against other people or misuses their authority in order to get a promotion. Sel f-serving leaders are not as effective because their employees only obey them, not follow them. On self-serving leaders, often give employees The feeling of being separate, which is characteristic of leaders, is different from narcissism. The leader is aware of boundaries and distinguishes the inner and outer worlds, fantasy and reality, self and other people.Career-oriented managers are more likely to exhibit the effects of narcissism than leaders. While busily adapting to their environment, managers are narrowly engaged in maintaining their identity and self-esteem through others, whereas leaders have self-confidence growing out of the awareness of who they are and the visions that drive them to achieve Diversity training companies also helps cultivate relationships between the people of the organization. Organizational conflicts is a discord that arises when there is a diverse workforce who are incompatible, where goals, values and interest differ, which cause blocks and attempts to thwart each other work performance. Diversity training that address conflict management strategies focuses on conflict resolution diversity awareness, sources of conflicts, job rotation, and temporary assignments. These strategies focus on the whole organization. A Top management team position, as the leader has to make sure his employees are working together as a team.Doing their share of the work, getting along with people and working well with others are all part of teamwork. A leader or manager has to make sure thathis employees are not only meeting these goals, but also motivating them to go one step ahead of these goals to increase productivity. Introduction of these concepts in relation to diversity will help people from different backgrounds work together towards a common goal. Teamwork training exercises in diversity training are important for employees who want to advance to a leadership position, as teamwork is one of the key things managers look at when determining l eadership potential. Employees with leadership potential see team effectiveness as a leadership opportunity. They realize that they will achieve more by working through and with others, that they will get more done with the active support of colleagues.These exercises will also help to harbor good relations between people from different walks of life. Finally, leadership seminars motivate minorities to do better. In recent times, minority employees have been underestimated when it comes to handing out leadership positions. One reason for this is that some minorities do not think that they are capable of being leaders because there have been so few minority leaders in their organization. They do not go for higher positions because they think that they cannot get them. By organizing leadership seminars, minorities can see that they are good copious to be leaders because they are not different from any other race, culture, gender or age group around them. The leadership seminars will help them learn about their own skills as well as inculcate new ones within them so that they go for their goals.CONCLUSIONLeadership is an important attribute that should be more focused on in diversity training workshops. Leadership leads to teamwork which is an important factor in an organization. Making sure that employees get along and that no one is discriminated against is a leaders job. If everyone is taught about leadership and how it works, people from different backgrounds will gain the confidence and skills required to advance within the organization. Leadership seminars will also help to inspire people and prevent a negative cultural climate from occurring between people from different backgrounds. Activities like leadership role switching and scenario leadership can help cultivate teamwork and leadership among employees.BibliographyJones, Gareth R. and George, Jennifer M. Contemporary Management. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill Irwin, N.Y., N.Y., 2011.Sodex (2012) Sodex and Princi ple Financial Group. Retrieved from http//www.sodexo.com/en/commitments/diversity-inclusion/actions/training.aspx July 20, 2012Google (2010). Google Diversity and Inclusion. Retrieved from on July 20, 2012.

Cultural Sensivity Essay

The manner in which contort is employed in an international context is a significant factor which is frequently ill-use or neglected by the developers of network sites and instructional material. What is more, its application is even more complicated due to the nonion that perception of color is conditioned not merely by ones physical competence to see it. It is even more important for a interior decorator to downstairsstand the meaning of a color in terms of cultural preferences. Following are some recommendations in regards to the worlds attitudes toward the basic colors.So, the developer of a site oriented on an international viewer should keep in mind that blue is the best-tolerated color worldwide. Blue is one of the colors that is unobjected in the majority of ethnical traditions. Therefore, a designer can employ it for either sorts of sites, no matter what its audience, purpose, or placement are. In regards to the pleasant perception of this color specialists state that on our planet you cannot go on anything that would be isolated from the surroundings that is, excluding the sky.This may be the cause for prevailing religious beliefs place their deity somewhere above, while evil usually resides under the ground. There is a group of colors that possess somewhat indistinct characteristics and meanings. Among those one should mention pink. When developing sites for citizens of East India, it is recommended to avoid pale version of this color for the reason that male audience consider it as having a feminine attribute.In some states, on the other hand, representatives of both genders favor pastels the perfect character is Japan. But the most important category for the designer to remember is the group of unsafe colors. The most noteworthy example is purple, which is received negatively in all around the world. Catholic-dominated countries, for example, have this color as a representation of death and crucifixion. Moreover, it symbolizes mystical tea chings and practices that oppose the tenets of Christianism, Judaism and Muslimism.It is crucial for instructional designers to realize that all material is unseparatable from culture. Thus, Web site developers must take some special aspects of culture like, for example, color preferances, and integrate them into the project in order to create culturally sensitive presentation. character reference List 1. Design at Work Leaning Network. (April 2003). A brief introduction to information design. Retrieved on February 23, 2007, from http//http//www. christiania. edu/iforum/iforum/ePaper_no_4_3003. pdf.

Chilean Mines

Knowing Your Audience & Com. Release Michelle Jones OXBOW/275 April 28, 2013 Dry. Monica G whollyant The Chilean Mine Collapse On August 5, 2010, a main access tunnel of a mine in Chile, owned by Companion Mineral San Stefan Primmer, collapsed and trapped 33 miners. There ar very serious risks when it comes to mining and the control of those risks determines the gum elastic of the miners. Crucial Considerations and the Audience When you have a tragic situation like this, in that respect are so many people who are affected which admit the families of the miners and their co-workers.The miners families as well as the co-workers are obviously close to them will be saddened and troubled so they are going to be extremely raw by the event. Dealing with this type of audience, it is imperative that you pay attention to how you word the intended information, watch your tone when you are making an announcement concerning all problematic and consider your audiences emotions and their conc erns. Potential Needs of the Families of the Miners It would be terribly difficult make loveing that I had a family member who was trapped in a mine and there was nothing I could do about It.I would want to know every detail possible about the incident and if everything was being done to rescue these poor individuals. It is imperative that as family members, we understand what caused the Incident, which miners were Involved. If any perished. Is there a way to contact them and to keep us informed of any new occurrences. Above all else, I feel it is important to be honest and to not leave out any details. The sooner what is known is easier to deal with. Potential Needs of the Miners Co-workers As an employee who works for the mines, you understand the risk that is involved.It s important to deliver such news in a professional and appropriate manner not to mention, quiet the other employees they are not In any danger when they return to work. It is also important to treat the co-wor kers as family members because in a sense, this is their home remote from home. They wish to know all that is going on. Actions that are taken before and after the Message Is delivered In a situation such as this, I feel it is best that you understand who your audience is before any message is delivered. To me, a prepared statement should be given both in soulfulness and through the media.Speaking to the people face-to-face lets the family members and the co-workers know that they matter and the trapped miners are important enough to meet with these individuals. Giving a statement through the media lets others know that they are doing all that they can to make sure these miners are rescued safely and keeps family members that are not in the area caught up in the a la mode(p) developments. To the Families (through media) T ay at moon, a tragedy occurred in one our mines. From what we know, the mine has collapsed due to a carry failure and there are 33 miners that are trapped appro ximately 2000 feet below.At this sequence, our rescue operation is in progress and they are drilling boreholes to pinpoint the precise location of your family and co- workers. Unfortunately, we have not confirmed their lay claim location, and we are asking everyone to please be patient with us as we do everything in our power to locate the miners. Once it is determined where they are positioned, the infallible water and food, as well as medicine will be sent down to them. We are fully aware that this is very difficult time for everyone but please understand that we are doing all that is accessory to bring these miners out safely.We are confident they will all be rescued and returned to us safe and sound. We will keep everyone posted as information becomes available to us. If you have any questions about updates or concerns, we have set up a hotlist for you to call. That number is 11-56-555-5454. To the Co- workers (face-to-face) As all of you are aware, a tragedy has happened wit hin our company. At approximately 2pm today, one of our mines collapsed due to a rock failure and 33 of our men are trapped about 2000 feet below.

Should Medicaid Pay for Abortion

Should Medicaid pay for miscarriage? This is a very sore subject and genius that has been in the newspapers for months now. It is overly the main reason that the passing of the historic wellness was postponed for the amount of time that it was. I think that even though abortion is a touchy subject and won that has been a main topic since Roe vs. Wade in 1973, I think that is a very important topic and one that will always be discussed for much more time. I think that abortion should be legal and be the last of the parties involved to make the decision on whether to have one or non.Also, I believe think that abortion should be cover by the tax payers in the case o rape or incest because both of those instances could result in a very tough support for the baby. Either the child will be hated by its mother because every day she looks at him/her it reminds her of her rapist, or the child is born with birth defects. To thoroughly make a good decision on where you underpin with th e abortion topic, I think that you must first find out what abortion actually is. stillbirth is the induced termination of a pregnancy with destruction of the conceptus or fetus, any of various procedures resulting in the termination of a pregnancy, cessation of normal growth, especially of an organ or other body part, prior to honorable development or maturation, and the premature ending or abandonment of an undertaking. Abortion procedures include manual vacuum aspiration and dilation and suction curettage, both of which fe antheral genitals be performed in early pregnancy.The social acceptability of abortion as a means of population control has varied from time to time and step to the fore to place throughout history. It was app atomic arrive 18ntly a common method of family limitation in the Greco-Roman world, but Christian theologians early and vehemently condemned it. It became widely true in Europe in the middle Ages. Severe criminal sanctions to deter abortion became c ommon in the 19th century, but in the 20th century those sanctions were gradually modified in many countries. In the U. S. the 1973 Roe v.Wade decision had the effect of legalizing abortion during the first three months of pregnancy states were able to implement restrictions on chafe to abortion after the first trimester, though within constraints set by the courts. Since that decision, there has been a fierce debate in the midst of supporters and opponents of a liberalized abortion policy. As you see this is or sothing that has been debated for centuries upon centuries. I have read many articals on abortion and how the procedure is actually conducted.The procedure seems to be very gruesome, that is why I can under al-Qaeda why some people like rep. Bart Stupak atomic number 18 diehard pro-life supporters. If you can recall Bart Stupak who is a senator from gelt (our own state) was the democrat who along with twelve other pro-life democrats held up the passing of the healthca re bill with his votes until President Obama agreed to sign an executive revisal stating that government funding will not go to covering abortion in this new health care bill. After words Stupak say We stood strong, said Stupak. We stood on a principle. Stupaks argument really goes all the way back to Roe v. Wade. After Roe v. Wade decriminalized abortion in 1973, Medicaid covered abortion care without restriction. In 1976, Representative Henry Hyde (R-IL) introduced an amendment that later passed to limit federal funding for abortion care. Effective in 1977, this provision, known as the Hyde Amendment, specifies what abortion services are covered under Medicaid. Over the past two decades, Congress has debated the limited circumstances under which federal funding for abortion should be allowed.For a brief period of time, coverage included cases of rape, incest, life endangerment, and physical health damage to the woman. However, beginning in 1979, the physical health exception wa s excluded, and in 1981 rape and incest exceptions were also excluded. In September 1993, Congress rewrote the provision to include Medicaid funding for abortions in cases where the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest. The present version of the Hyde Amendment requires coverage of abortion in cases of rape, incest, and life endangerment. The first challenges to the Hyde Amendment came shortly after its implementation.The Supreme Court has held that the Hyde Amendment restrictions are constitutional and that states participating in Medicaid are only required to cover abortion services for which they receive federal funding rather than all medically necessary abortions. Challenges under state constitutions have been more successful. some(prenominal) lawsuits have been brought in individual states arguing that state constitutions afford greater protection for privacy and equal protection than the federal Constitution. The Hyde Amendment affects only federal spending. States are fr ee to use heir own funds to cover additional abortion services. For example, Hawaii, New York, and Washington have enacted laws funding abortions for health reasons. Other states, such(prenominal) as Maryland, cover abortions for women whose pregnancies are affected by fetal abnormalities or present serious health risks. These expansions are important steps toward ensuring equal access to health care for all women. Prior to the 1993 expansion of the Hyde Amendment, thirty states chose not to use their own Medicaid funds to cover abortions for pregnancies resulting from rape or incest.Initially, a number of states expressed resistance to comply with the expanded Hyde Amendment, and presently thirteen states are under court ball clubs to comply and cover rape and incest in addition to life endangerment. Every court that has considered the Hyde Amendments application to a states Medicaid program since 1993 has held that states continuing to participate in the Medicaid program must cov er abortions resulting from rape or incest in order to be compliant with the Hyde Amendment, regardless of state laws that may be more restrictive. Federal funding has been covering abortion for eld and according to the Hyde Amendment it covers incest and rape. My research has also led me to see that Michigan is one of twenty seven states that receive funding under the Hyde Amendment. This means that one of the states that use federal funding for abortion in special cases has the main representative that is arguing that exact system. This is kind of ironic to me. If the federal funding is there and actually has been there for seventeen eld what the point of arguing the bill that will eventually save the government money.I have found some interesting information that if looked at maybe by some of our politicians they would not cause such a big fuss like Stupak and some other extreme conservatives like Sarah Palin about a the health care bill that not only is in the best interest of the people but also the best interest of the government in foothold of the budget but also the insurance companies who now will have more policies out there to bring in more revenue. Here are some interesting facts that I found about what type of women have abortions and why. Women with family incomes less than $15,000 obtain 28. 7% of all abortions Women with family incomes between $15,000 and $29,999 obtain 19. 5% Women with family incomes between $30,000 and $59,999 obtain 38. 0%Women with family incomes over $60,000 obtain 13. 8%. The reason women have abortion are as follows, 1% of all abortions occur because of rape or incest 6% of abortions occur because of potential health problems regarding either the mother or child, and 93% of all abortions occur for social reasons (i. e. he child is unwanted or inconvenient). So why not allow the health care bill to cover abortion? If the bill is basically just going to keep the Hyde Amendment rein in place or maybe take it another step forward and require police reports on alleged rapes and incest it really will not make a difference. If only one percent of all abortion are due to rape or incest, that amount of spending will not even dent the federal funding. I think more money is spent by politicians on their private jets that take all over the united States just to make appearances.While abortion remains perhaps the most contentious issue in American politics, what is one persons principled stand is anothers crime against humanity. Abortion is a decision that should be made by the person going through the process not some politician from Texas for example who lives in a ten thousand square foot home and makes probably a million dollars a year after kick backs. Also if the system of states covering under the correct circumstances has been working for almost twenty years then I say why change it.Many times people let their emotions and personal feeling make their decisions when all they have do is put themse lves in the position of the women who was raped, or the male is out of the picture and the mother will not be able to financially support a child and the child might end up in a dumpster, in the street or living in foster homes its whole life. I look at this way and Im going to state a question to some of these people who think federal funding should not pay for this. Financially speaking as a nation, Is it financially better to cover a $500 dollar procedure once or pay for Medicare, housing, and food for eighteen years?From doing the basic mathematics I think the $500 is a lot cheaper. The United States is a business. And just like any other business it needs money to survive. To keep back that money it has a budget, and that budget at this point is in a major deficit. This bill will save trillions of dollars over the next fifteen years imagine how much more money they could save all states allowed the lower income poverty striking women to have abortion under the state insurance, trillions more would be saved. Basic math is the key to answering this, in the end its all business.WORK CITED 1. Gregg Cunningham, WHY ABORTION IS GENOCIDE Winter 2000 2. AMERICAN GOVERNMENT TEXT record 3. Megan Carpentier, Bart Stupak is no healthcare hero (march 22, 2010) 4. Peter Roff, The Next health care Reform Fight Make the Abortion Executive Order Law (March 24, 2010) Pr 5. Steven Ertelt , New Catholic Bishops Memo Abortion in Health Care Despite Obama Order (March 30, 2010) 6. Tres Sugar, Congress Debates Whether Health Care Should Cover Abortion (07/09/2009) 7. Angela Blair, Obamas Healthcare Bill Requires All Americans to Pay For Abortions (3/7/2010) 8. The Henry J. Kaiser Foundation, Medicaids Role for Women. Issue apprize An Update on Womens Health Policy (November 2004). 9. The Guttmacher Institute, State Funding of Abortion Under Medicaid. State Policies in Brief (June 1, 2005). 2 . American government page 102 3 . www. abortion. com 4 . www. csmonitor. com 5 . The Henry J. Kaiser Foundation, Medicaids Role for Women. Issue Briefs An Update on Womens Health Policy (November 2004). 6 . The Guttmacher Institute, State Funding of Abortion Under Medicaid. State Policies in Brief (June 1, 2005). 7 . www. abortionno. org 8 . www. abortionno. org

Contemporary Hawaiian Music Essay

There is a famous Hawaiian saying, You know if the Hawaiian harmonies are good if they give you yellowish skin (Alter inwrought Hawaii, 2002) and, I must say, listening to the online radio streaming of KCCN FM100 gave me goosebumps. Being more attuned to Western pop culture, it was a pleasantly refreshing experience for me to baby-sit for an hour and listen to contemporary reggae, urban music and ragga with an island beat thats truly Hawaiian.Fourteen original Hawaiian songs, including the Top 5 hits in KCCN charts, were vie during a late afternoon program that also aired a couple of brief Hele On traffic news, a commercial each from human beings Share and Hawaii. gov, and 8 radio ads encouraging the people to participate at the ongoing 2010 Census. The DJ on deck did not talk much yet to give quick, in-between plugs for a party event and to introduce songs.A distinctly noticeable feature in the contemporary Hawaiian music is its nitty-gritty to love and desire. The soulful son gs I listened to speak of the excitement of love, romancing the heart of another or accepting a loves rejection. But even though the lyrics contain sad words, the melody is always upbeat and sensual. The island reggae beat and the smooth ballad is very easy on the ears especially when instruments, like the ukulele, saxophone and native drums blend together to produce the perfect harmony.The result is one relaxed listener mentally transported in an island paradise in Hawaii, and its effect to music lovers is no slight than rejuvinating the soul. I think KCCN FM100, being a radio station that plays modern hip-hop and soul Hawaiian music, carries the familiar radio spunk of other American hiphop stations. The DJ was very energetic and in a party mood, and even the traffic reporter was such a chipper in delivering traffic updates as a local anaesthetic RnB song played in the background.The advertisements aired between the 430-to-530pm radio show were mostly the varying versions of pro moting the 2010 Census Count explaining what the number results would mean to businesses, the improvement of social services and what it means to the future generation. I think delivering the message using both in English and the local set phrase reveals a lot about the listeners profile of KCCN, which is a mixture of both modern and traditional Hawaiian folks.I also believe that although all local songs aired were sang in English, they always make it a point to bring out the traditional Hawaiian flavor. This much is obvious in both the songs and commercials played. Listening to KCCN and the music aired there makes me realize how global Hawaiian music can be in terms of its appeal to both childlike and old, locals and foreigners. Everybody can appreciate an island style music inspired by the world-loved Bob Marley and urban rhythm of the modern RnB.

Legalism, Taoism and Confucianism Essay

All three most influential philosophic schools of thought i.e. legalism, Taoism and Confucianism originate from the same tenet of peace and accord in the Chinese society in particular and in world in general. But their methodologies and philosophical routes to achieve this objective atomic number 18 different. Legalism rede a strong and central governmental body as remedy for all the maladies of contemporary Chinese society whereas Taoism and Confucianism do not favor a strong political entity and reinforce the ideas of singular independence and companionable coherence. The doctrine of legalism believes that strict laws and punitive measures are preconditions for a strong central government that provide bring peace and prosperity in the society. This doctrine is based on the assumption that human spirit is irredeemably malicious and is prone to produce conflicts. These conflicts harm the social cohesion and generate panic and dis roll in the community. That is the reason th at strong laws and punishments can make them (people) in alignment with needs of the political entity. In pith contrast to Legalism, Taoism and Confucianism are of the view that human nature is constituted of moral virtues. Taoism was directly opposed to the tenets of Legalism and believed in a close association between man and nature. They further reinforce that nature is virtuous in essence and intend at achieving greater unity and universal organization. They view man-make laws as bionic and transient that has limited life. So Taoist are against Legalism and believed that these were fabricated to serve the vested interest of the rulers and they have zero point to do with the common good of the people. This basic difference between the philosophical principles leads the Taoist to rebel against the launch social patterns as they considered it a tool to perpetuate the regime of the despotic rulers. Confucianism is considered a rationalization of these two extremes i.e. legalism and Taoism. Confucianism neither believed in the idea of harsh punishments, impersonal laws and inhuman rules toward the mass nor it gave approval to absolute individual emancipation of thought and action as it would lead to utter anarchy. Confucianism adopted an equidistant approach between the two extremes and propagated a philosophy based on the beautiful combination of individual needs and social needs. Confucianism served as a balance between the extreme centralization of power and subjugation of masses as embodied in Legalism and the utter chaos created by the absolute individualistic approach of Taoism. Legalism was an advanced political system whereas Taoism was inclined toward primitivism. Taoism reinforced the idea of a personal and individual reaction to the mundane and multiform social problems. According to its basic precept of Tao ( musical mode), human nature can find its own way out of many. So it negated the formulated laws and effected social patterns.Subjectiv e judgments were made according to the needs of the occasions. broadly speaking these judgments were based on the ancient teachings and traditional principles with outsized personal discretion. In complete contrast to Taoism, Legalism established a complete code of laws and they (Legalists) were strictly adhered to these laws. Instead of personal discretion or subjective interpretation, judgments were made according to written laws. This characteristic of Legalism made it the most advanced philosophy of ancient China as compared with Taoism. In contrast to abovementioned ways, Confucianism suggested another way i.e. to get social harmony through social cohesion of individuals with the society itself. It took care of individuals needs as well as the socio-political needs. To Confucius, society was not a guileless collection of individual but is has other internal and external dimensions. Internally, it is the substantial device that moulds our beliefs and attitudes while on the ext ernal horizon, it exerts and maintains pressures from the society to facilitate conformity to the above-mentioned collective beliefs and attitudes.Confucius perceived society as a separate and distinguished unit. It is an entity independent of individuals. This argument clearly manifests that social facts i.e. norms, values and institutions, have their independent foundation and are not sustained by individual actions but individuals react to them. Confucius also suggests that individual desires are cravings are unlimited and individual hankers after more and more. This natural insatiability produces individual propensities in humans. In order to control these propensities society works as a regulative force.Frederick Cheung has comprehensively summed up the differences and similarities in the doctrines of these major philosophies of Chinese history in this wayIf we compare and contrast the three schools of thoughts on individual freedom and control we would find that Taoism was e xtremely free, while Legalism was extremely strict (a kind of totalitarian control) with Confucianism in the plaza (the golden means or moderation). On political theory and concepts of progress, Legalism was the most advanced and directing to the rising while Taoism was reactionary and returning to the primitive nature with again Confucianism in the middle. Indeed, moderation and balance were perchance the major reasons for the eventual triumph of Confucianism in traditional Chinese history. (p.3)ReferencesCheung, Frederick. (2006). The Legacy of Ancient China The intelligent Foundations Legalism, Taoism, and Confucianism. The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Website