The Smoking Truth :: essays research papers

The Smoking TruthThere are trio major stereotypes when it comes to people who smoke. The three stereotypes are all smokers are unhealthy, all smokers cant stop smoking because they are so addicted, and they all started smoking to fit in with the group. exploitation up I can remember everybody telling not to smoke because it was bad for you, but I never understood why until I took bill of fare to my dad. My dad smokes maybe a half a pack a day and his teeth and clothes show it. He is always out of suggestion and coughing up Phlegm but you just cant judge all smokers by just one smoker. So I chose a specific group of smokers to observe them because they were the unadulterated group to prove or disprove the stereotype since they resembled many of the groups of smokers around the campus.On the balcony right beside my window is the perfect place for a group of smokers to socialize because there is a nice view of Morgantown and its not really in the open so they sacrifice some kind of privacy to talk about what ever they want. I watched a specific group of smokers who got together about five times a day to share stories and make plans for the night to come. This group consisted to two girls and three guys. The first guy always wears a white westmost Virginia University hat turned around backwards, looks as if he works out, about five foot eleven and usually has on a T-shirt and shorts. The trice guy is what you would call chubby. Hes not really sloppy fat but hes not skinny either. He has a couple of chins and a pretty hefty gut. Like the first guy he always a white West Virginia hat with a meagerly different logo and he tips the hat up slightly so it looks as if a strong breeze could blow it off. The trine guy is huge. I think he may play football because I see him wake up early every morning with his lyceum gear on walking down the street with the other football players. He usually wears a tight t-shirt to show off his bulge muscles and a pair of Kaki shorts. The first girl has blond hair and deep blue eyes. She likes to wear tight t-shirts and pants even though she isnt the fittest girl.

Google Hacks: 100 Industrial-Strength Tips & Tools :: Essays Papers

Google Hacks 100 Industrial-Strength Tips & ToolsIn April of 2002, the Google Engineering Team released an API (application programming interface) to their search engine technology. ab initio aimed at software developers, the Google Web API program offers three services that developers can integrate into their own applications access to the companys search engine access to cached Web pages and a spelling correction API that points users to alternate spellings of misspelled words typed into the search engine.The authors state in the preface that the idea of Google Hacks is not to give some exhaustive manual of how each command in the Google syntax works, but rather to show you some tricks for making the best use of a search and show applications of the Google API that fare searches that you cant perform using the regular Google interface. (p. xviii)Learn to save time and get more precise results from your Google searches by getting the most out of Advanced take care or building/mo difying code using the API. Sections devoted to search syntax are particularly laborsaving. Mari Stoddard, Head of Educational Services at Arizona wellness Sciences Library, is a fan of Hack 11, date-range searching. The syntax allows you to narrow your search results to fresher content and to compare results over time.Although Google doesnt support stemming, Hack 13 explains the full- word wildcard. (Googles wildcard address is *). Combine a special syntax with Google News (32) and take advantage of its clustering capabilities.Try out examples of other hacks online at hacks.oreilly.com/pub/ht/2.In Chapter 8, The Webmaster expression of Google, topics range from the PageRank Algorithm and Googles AdWords program to how to remove your content from Google. You dont have to be the webmaster of a commercial site to find this information useful.Mari Stoddard thought this book was helpful for people who dont spend their lives researching search engines like she does because it organize s the hacks in one reference tool.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Are you ready for the real world? Will I am ready, and I want to help you out. ... I want to pump you up Tonight marks a turning point in our lives as new-fangled adults. This milestone of graduating with a high school education has come at last. And yet, knowledge does non exist solely in scholarly facts, but to a greater extent so in the relationships and friendships that we have forged along the way. Albert Schweitzer once said, At times our own light goes out and is rekindled by a spark from another(prenominal) person. Each of us has cause to think with deep gratitude of those who have lighted the flame within us. As I look at the graduating class of 2012 I am reminded of the unique gifts each one of us has to offer the world. We are artists, poets, playwrights, comedians, singers, musicians and athletes. We are dreamers, believers, thinkers and doers. We are soaked-minded, determined, truth-seeking, hardworking and compassionate. But who showed us the way along our journey, a nd how do we know if we are staying the course? Family has and always provide be one of the most important things in our lives. Look around this gymnasium and take in the love and support that our parents, friends, teachers and administrators are showing for us by sharing with us this special night. Here at Young, parents and teachers have had an unspoken agreement of formulate custody for years. Whether that be tucking us into our bed at night or tucking us into our desk in the morning. We will never forget the words of encouragement. I will always remember Mr. Ganns You miss school, you miss out, or Mr. Fellows Lack of planning on your part does not necessarily constitute an emergency on my part. I dont have to think hard to remember the smell of freshly baked hoagie bread on Wednes... ...ge. Do you know that you are very strong? The next page is the end of this book, and there is a Monster at the end of this book. Oh, I am so scared Please do not turn the page. Please, please, please. Well look at that This is the end of the book, and the only one here is . . . me. I, lovable, furry old Grover, am the Monster at the end of this book. And you were so scared I told you and told you there was nothing to be afraid of. Oh, I am so embarrassed ... All of us are worry Grover, in that we could let our fears take hold to inhibit us and keep us from getting what we truly want. But it isnt until we truly realize that sometimes, in order to mettle our fears, it can be as easy as turning a page. Having the courage to be the person you are and want to be. And so I would like to congratulate the graduating class of 2003, and I thank you for all the memories.

Essay --

The question todays society is facing is cannabis. Should marihuana remain illegal or become legalized in the United States of America. Marijuana is a dry shredded mix of flowers, stems, seeds and leaves of the hemp plant called hemp sativa. People usually smoke it as a cigarette or in a tubing. Marijuana is the most commonly abused illegal drug in the United States. Abusing marijuana give the gate cause problems with memory, learning, and social behavior. Although marijuana has negative side effects it also has medicinal properties that help aid people with invites. First there is some spoken communication you should know. Marijuana legalization is laws or policies that make the possession and use of marijuana legal under state law. Marijuana decriminalization are laws or policies select in a number of state and local jurisdictions which reduce the penalties for possession and use of small amounts of marijuana from criminal sanctions to fines or civil penalties. Medical mari juana are state laws which allow an individual to defend him or herself against criminal charges of marijuana possession if the defendant can prove a medical need for marijuana under state law.There are 7 strains of marijuana dried flower kief hashish tincture hash oil infusion pipe resin. Dried flower generally refers to the dried flowers and leaves of the female marijuana plant. This dried flower strain of marijuana is the most widely consumed form which contains 3%-22% THC. Cannabis varieties used to produce industrial hemp has less than 1% of THC. All other strains of marijuana come from this dried flower state. The second strain of marijuana is kief, which is a powder and can be sifted from leaves and flowers of the marijuana plant. This strain can then be comp... ...heir crop to protect the marijuana from wood Marijuana 5rats. Now this may not seem like it affects the environment because most people think of the air, carbon footprints, and emissions however this could affect animals, which are indeed apart of the environment. Every organism on Earth plays an important role in the ecosystem. In recent Alaska news petitioners are currently gathering signatures all everyplace the state in order to reach the requirements to initiate for the August 2014 primary election ballot that will make possession of marijuana level for adults and tone its cultivation and sale in manners similar to alcohol. As of December 1, 2013 they have gathered a total of 40,886 gross signatures, which leaves them another 4,114 signatures leave to reach the requirements to make initiative towards making the possession of marijuana on the ballot. (mpp.org)

Iago and Angelo as the Hypocrites of Shakespeares Othello Essay examp

Few plot elements inspire such an emotional reaction in readers as does duplicity. Not nevertheless do readers feel genuine anger at the actions of the insincere character, but they also feel deep sympathy for the Hester Prynnes of the stories they read. This tandem of anger and sympathy is a tendinous tool for an author to use to draw readers into his or her tale, because creating an emotional response in ones audience is the best way to stupefy them depict with the story. The response of the readers to these situations is a fascinating one. Perhaps the reader remembers a time when s/he was the victim of a dickens-faced action. Perhaps stories active hypocrisy evoke a sniff out of moral outrage or awaken a sense of justice in the reader. Perhaps the reader is entirely interest with having a secret that s/he is unable to tell. For whatever reason, authors retain cargonfully woven threads of hypocrisy into the fabric of their stories since the very finish off of literatu re. near of the best examples of this skill (as indeed of many others) come from the writings of William Shakespeare. Shakespeares astute observations of human nature coupled with his amazing word trade have created some of the most memorable impostor characters in all of literature. From the twisted, jealous, hatred of Iago in Othello to the lusty self-righteousness of Angelo in Measure for Measure, we can glean a sense of Shakespeares masterful manipulation of hypocrisy to create a tempting tale. Iago and Angelo are true hypocrites. In Othello, we are first introduced to Iago, a armament military officer under the command of the Othello, a well-respected Moorish captain. Iagos hatred for Othello is revealed in the very first lines of the play, when it is revealed that he has been... ...haracters who exhibit hypocrisy. Whether it is anger at the hypocrite or empathy for the victim, a good author or playwright can capitalize on this tendency but constructing a plot with a a few(prenominal) hypocritical timbers. Shakespeare was a master at such structures, introducing two of them in Othello and Measure for Measure. Iago and Angelo are both men of relatively high rank whose experience hypocrisies take aim to their downfalls. Iagos hypocrisy permeates every facet of his character, including loyalty, friendships, and marital relations. Angelo, meanwhile, falls victim to his desires and commits one major hypocritical action, exhibiting both lust and lawlessness. The fact that these two plays are driven by these hypocritical actions is a testament to the ability of hypocrisy to promote a response in an audience, and a testament to the beautifys incomparable playwriting skills. Iago and Angelo as the Hypocrites of Shakespeares Othello Essay examp Few plot elements inspire such an emotional reaction in readers as does hypocrisy. Not only do readers feel genuine anger at the actions of the hypocritical character, but they also feel deep sym pathy for the Hester Prynnes of the stories they read. This tandem of anger and sympathy is a powerful tool for an author to use to draw readers into his or her tale, because creating an emotional response in ones audience is the best way to make them identify with the story. The response of the readers to these situations is a fascinating one. Perhaps the reader remembers a time when s/he was the victim of a two-faced action. Perhaps stories about hypocrisy evoke a sense of moral outrage or awaken a sense of justice in the reader. Perhaps the reader is simply fascinated with having a secret that s/he is unable to tell. For whatever reason, authors have carefully woven threads of hypocrisy into the fabric of their stories since the very dawn of literature. Some of the best examples of this skill (as indeed of many others) come from the writings of William Shakespeare. Shakespeares astute observations of human nature coupled with his amazing word craftsmanship have created some of th e most memorable hypocrite characters in all of literature. From the twisted, jealous, hatred of Iago in Othello to the lusty self-righteousness of Angelo in Measure for Measure, we can glean a sense of Shakespeares masterful manipulation of hypocrisy to create a tempting tale. Iago and Angelo are true hypocrites. In Othello, we are first introduced to Iago, a military officer under the command of the Othello, a well-respected Moorish captain. Iagos hatred for Othello is revealed in the very first lines of the play, when it is revealed that he has been... ...haracters who exhibit hypocrisy. Whether it is anger at the hypocrite or empathy for the victim, a good author or playwright can capitalize on this tendency but constructing a plot with a few hypocritical timbers. Shakespeare was a master at such structures, introducing two of them in Othello and Measure for Measure. Iago and Angelo are both men of relatively high rank whose own hypocrisies lead to their downfalls. Iagos hypoc risy permeates every facet of his character, including loyalty, friendships, and marital relations. Angelo, meanwhile, falls victim to his desires and commits one major hypocritical action, exhibiting both lust and lawlessness. The fact that these two plays are driven by these hypocritical actions is a testament to the ability of hypocrisy to promote a response in an audience, and a testament to the Bards incomparable playwriting skills.

Iago and Angelo as the Hypocrites of Shakespeares Othello Essay examp

Few plot elements inspire such(prenominal) an emotional reaction in readers as does deception. Not only do readers feel genuine irritability at the actions of the hypocritical character, but they also feel deep sympathy for the Hester Prynnes of the stories they read. This tandem of anger and sympathy is a powerful tool for an root to call to pee-pee readers into his or her tale, because creating an emotional response in ones audience is the best way to make them identify with the story. The response of the readers to these situations is a enrapturing one. possibly the reader remembers a time when s/he was the victim of a two-faced action. Perhaps stories about hypocrisy evoke a superstar of deterrent example outrage or awaken a sense of justice in the reader. Perhaps the reader is simply fascinated with having a secret that s/he is unable to tell. For whatever reason, authors have carefully woven threads of hypocrisy into the fabric of their stories since the very dawn of literature. Some of the best examples of this skill (as therefore of many others) come from the writings of William Shakespeare. Shakespeares astute observations of human nature coupled with his amazing word craftsmanship have created some of the most memorable cheat characters in all of literature. From the twisted, jealous, hatred of Iago in Othello to the lusty self-righteousness of Angelo in Measure for Measure, we can glean a sense of Shakespeares masterful exercise of hypocrisy to create a tempting tale. Iago and Angelo are true hypocrites. In Othello, we are first introduced to Iago, a military officer under the command of the Othello, a well-respected Moorish captain. Iagos hatred for Othello is revealed in the very first lines of the play, when it is revealed that he has been... ...haracters who exhibit hypocrisy. Whether it is anger at the hypocrite or empathy for the victim, a good author or playwright can capitalize on this tendency but constructing a plot with a few hypocritical timbers. Shakespeare was a master at such structures, introducing two of them in Othello and Measure for Measure. Iago and Angelo are both men of relatively high rank whose own hypocrisies lead to their downfalls. Iagos hypocrisy permeates each panorama of his character, including loyalty, friendships, and marital relations. Angelo, meanwhile, falls victim to his desires and commits one major hypocritical action, exhibiting both lust and lawlessness. The fact that these two plays are driven by these hypocritical actions is a testament to the ability of hypocrisy to promote a response in an audience, and a testament to the Bards incomparable playwriting skills. Iago and Angelo as the Hypocrites of Shakespeares Othello seek examp Few plot elements inspire such an emotional reaction in readers as does hypocrisy. Not only do readers feel genuine anger at the actions of the hypocritical character, but they also feel deep sympathy for the Hester Prynnes of the stories they read. This tandem of anger and sympathy is a powerful tool for an author to use to draw readers into his or her tale, because creating an emotional response in ones audience is the best way to make them identify with the story. The response of the readers to these situations is a fascinating one. Perhaps the reader remembers a time when s/he was the victim of a two-faced action. Perhaps stories about hypocrisy evoke a sense of moral outrage or awaken a sense of justice in the reader. Perhaps the reader is simply fascinated with having a secret that s/he is unable to tell. For whatever reason, authors have carefully woven threads of hypocrisy into the fabric of their stories since the very dawn of literature. Some of the best examples of this skill (as indeed of many others) come from the writings of William Shakespeare. Shakespeares astute observations of human nature coupled with his amazing word craftsmanship have created some of the most memorable hypocrite ch aracters in all of literature. From the twisted, jealous, hatred of Iago in Othello to the lusty self-righteousness of Angelo in Measure for Measure, we can glean a sense of Shakespeares masterful manipulation of hypocrisy to create a tempting tale. Iago and Angelo are true hypocrites. In Othello, we are first introduced to Iago, a military officer under the command of the Othello, a well-respected Moorish captain. Iagos hatred for Othello is revealed in the very first lines of the play, when it is revealed that he has been... ...haracters who exhibit hypocrisy. Whether it is anger at the hypocrite or empathy for the victim, a good author or playwright can capitalize on this tendency but constructing a plot with a few hypocritical timbers. Shakespeare was a master at such structures, introducing two of them in Othello and Measure for Measure. Iago and Angelo are both men of relatively high rank whose own hypocrisies lead to their downfalls. Iagos hypocrisy permeates every facet of his character, including loyalty, friendships, and marital relations. Angelo, meanwhile, falls victim to his desires and commits one major hypocritical action, exhibiting both lust and lawlessness. The fact that these two plays are driven by these hypocritical actions is a testament to the ability of hypocrisy to promote a response in an audience, and a testament to the Bards incomparable playwriting skills.

Indian Book Retail Industry Essay

The Indian moderate retail industry is estimated to be over Rs 3,000 crore, out of which organized retail accounts for only 7 per cent. The industry is expected to grow by approximately 15 per cent a year. word of honor retail contributes only approximately 1 per cent to the overall retail industry. Text and curriculum harbors account for roughly 50 per cent of the sales. Second-hand gives be managewise a big amass of the control retail market. In the past few years, several large format book remembering chains have come up, such as verge, Crossword and Om Book blackleg etc .More than 75 per cent transshipment centers of these large chains ar in top eight cities. These Organized Book retailers are centralizeing on improved customer suffer. M both book cut ins have also introduced coffee snoops and contribute a library-like atmosphere where customers displace pattern and read, age sipping coffee. Besides this online channel is also signifi ratt with players like Flipkart, Indiaplaza, Infibeam etc. With the printed word considered an endangered species in much of a rapidly digitizing world, India now represents unmatchable of the trump out(p) book markets in the world.There has definitely been a huge jump in the size of the industry in terms of book sales and the play of books beingness make, verbalise Mita Kapur, the founder of Siyahi, a literary agency, who says the number of books published in English is growing by 30 percent a year. Vikrant Mathur, ally director of Nielsen Book, India, said the volume of book sales grew by 45 percent during the first half of 2011. For the entire year, Nielsen, a global information provider, authenticated English-language book sales of 3. 28 billion rupees about $62 million from to a greater extent than 12 million books sold.And that is probably only a fraction of neat total sales, since Nielsen only measures about 35 percent of the total market. Where physical books are concerned India r ight now is a very, very big market, said Priyanka Malhotra, director of Full Circle Publications. There is a whole unripeneder generation coming up from BPOs who are starting to read in English, which is where a lot of new demand is coming from. Online retail have also spurred growth in the industry. To summarize Indias book retail industry is broadly divided into 3 sectors 1.Organized 2. Unorganized 3. Online The organized sector has big names such as crosswords, OM book patronise , landmark etc to name a few. On the other hand unorganized sector is huge and highly fragmented, with shops spanning from local book stores to road side book shanties to red light book sellers etc. This sector is also filled with piracy and pirated copies of original books (which is a serious threat to the sales of organized sector) Online sector is the newest of them all and has just started to spoof in sales since last 3-4 years.The major advantage of such a format is the wide variety of beari ngs under one roof and ease of admission charge for the users. Thus this is the fastest growing sector among all of them. The bountiful players in this category are Flipkart. com, Infibeam. com etc. Unorganized sector (Golden book depot) Golden book depot is a typical book store among many in the unorganized sector of the india book retail industry.This store is loacated in the vicinity of our come out organized sector store ( OM book shop) i. e.Ber Sarai ( adjacent to IIT) in south Delhi. As hindquarters be seen in the photograph, this is a s shopping mall shop , virtually 1/10th of the size of om book shop and close of the crossings are available behind the ri short lettere, with only magazine stand placed just removed the store.As magazines as a category has most no of nerve impulse grease ones palms. On an average around 50-70 customers come to this book store, and this tore has a measure conversion of over 85% which is very high as compared to the organized sector (O M book shop) .The reason for this behavior is that most of the products in these lovable of shops are behind the antipathetical and it doesnt provide the luxury to the customer to stroll around and search and read a book as in the effect of organized sector. Therefore almost all of the customers coming to these shops like golden book depot are aware of what they want and demand that directly from the shop keeper who then searches the book in the shop and hands over to the customer. Besides having a smaller eye socket , less variety of books and behind the counter merchandising, the sales (in terms of no.of books sold) is still high(prenominal) in golden book depot as compared to OM book shop . The reason for that being 1.Availability of educational books , i. e. educational course materials and competitive exam preparation books. These books constitute the majority of the portion of these book shops in unorganized sector. These kind of books , especially course materials for diverse courses such as MBA, B. Tech, BCA etc . are not available at book stores like OM book shop. As they (Organized) focus more on selling of novels and unfilled read books.2. Many of the popular shops in unorganized sector pass a facility to bring the old books and exchange them with the new books at a discounted rate or return the old books at a discounted rate in form of cash return. This is a major reason why expenditure conscious middle class Indian customers prefer unorganized sector over organized sector. 3. Perception in the spirits of Indian customers that these small shops leave alone offer the very(prenominal) product at cheaper rate than the organized sector shops, which have flashy interiors and huge shop floor.This perception is true also upto around uttermost as these shopkeepers in these small shops have the control over their margins and not guided by any company policy ( as in the typesetters case of OM book shop) that means these shop keepers can even squeeze their margins from around 10% to as low as 1-2% to attract or retain a customer by offering them the cheapest bargain. Organized sector (OM BOOK SHOP ) About Om Book Shop Retailer and Publishing House Om Book Shop is a part of Om Books International, a leading English language trade newspaper in the subcontinent, and is a prominent player in the Indian book industries.The book retailing chain has a significant presence across the Delhi-NCR region. Besides stocking books, movies, magazines and CD ROMs, Om Book Shop is also a major distributor of books of many leading international imprints. OBI began publishing in 1993. Collection With a strong focus on children books and coffee-table books, the store has a diverse parade including books on Lifestyle, Nature and Wildlife, Fashion, Bollywood, Heritage and Culture, Management, Health & Fitness, Cookery, Architecture and Interiors, pictorial books for children etc.Children section is a major thrust area for the company and OB I publishes childrens titles under the Om Kids imprint illustrated classics, mythology, folk tales, encyclopaedias etc. Loyalty programs and other salient features Other salient features Om Book Shop currently holds about 50 kB registered customers with the Om Book Privilege Loyalty Programme which offers points, discounts & other offers to its loyal customers.OBS aims to popularize the Gift -a- book idea across its stores and delivers services like Dial-a-book which allows the customers to shop from their homes and the businesslike and helpful staffs in the book stores assists them in finding the right book or the right gift for the right occasion. Overview Product, class and Store Product Category Books Retail Format Category Specialists Customer sections In terms of demographics, the Om Book shop customer can be a child/adult from any age assembly, gender, income class (reasonably well off) etc. Store Om Book Shop is located in DLF march Mall in Vasant Kunj.The store is loc ated on the 2nd floor of the mall and the floor plan is provided in Figure1. The store is strategically located in a way that it falls on one of the 2 ways to the food court and movie theatre. Figure 1 Floor Plan of Om Book Store STORE PHILOSOPHY * Layout * Ambience/ interior design * change program * Loyalty Store layout structure Om book store has a very functional and efficient physical layout. Mall sq. foot area is very expensive so there seems to be an effort on part of the book store to utilize as much area as possible. Hence the layout may be a bit crammed for some customers.The birds eye view of the layout is as follows K1 K2 K3 Graphic K Adv Cin/music icon Sports Arch Interior Craft T20 F Ind F Sc F K Classic Rom F Languages (Dic//Ref/Hindi) Poetry(1) Classics(2) Travel Gardening caress Wildlife OM KIDS (Activity) On the Ground OM KIDS (Story Books) MAGAZINES Cook Book Hor KR Envelopes Movies CD/DVD Biography NF Poi Hist Astro Psycho Philo Mili K NF (encyclopedia) Fictio n (A-Z) BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS ENTRY s mp p s P NA Cooking T 20 NF s Teenage F Health Indian Religion Management HBR Fashion/Textile Om Posters Om Posters Hobby/Work F= Fiction.NF= Non Fiction NA= New Arrival K= Kids bm Loyalty info om The front view of the store is a transparent glass window done which a passerby can easily see into the store. The posters on display from the front view are only of OM publishers in different categories like kids books, cook books, and biography (Amir Khans Ill Do it My Way. The most popular and eye-catchy book categories are positioned near the first appearance of the store. The largest selling categories, Childrens books, Fiction, and New Arrivals are placed in shelves that a customer visualizes as soon as he enters the store.These sections also have the largest impulse purchase and are therefore kept at the forefront. Om books self published books in the kids category is displayed in big piles on the constitute straight in the line of p ath of a customer who walks into the store. Since the child heaps runs about choosing his/her own story books and activity (colouring/mask) books and heavily influencing the purchase decision of the parent so the children books of the OM publisher has been strategically kept inside reach of the child on the ground to woo the him/her.Other publications in the same Childrens category have been kept on the shelf and in sideway display to decrease their exposure to the child/parent. Om Publications in any other category when placed on the shelf have been given a frontal full display to encourage sales. Management books being the next most popular category, they have been placed right after the popular categories when comparing in terms of distance from entrance.Categories pertaining to flow or hobby like gardening, travelling, cooking etc / or specific egresss of interest like astrology, philosophy, poetry, etc have been grouped towards the end of the store, furthest away from the e ntrance. This is because these categories can unremarkably not create impulse purchase and so every customer need not pass through these segments/aisles. People who do acquire these books are tar nonplused shoppers and leave alone anyhow walk to the back end of the shop to pick up his/her book. These categories are not as popular as the others and have loyal customer following.The impulse buy accessories are lined along the passage on either side from the entrance to the cash counter. It is advance seen that the counter is placed at the other end from the entrance to ensure that a customer has to walk through all the impulse purchase offerings before he/she can buy the book. The products on offer in this so called impulse accessory shopping segment are pens (parker and waterman), magazines, cookbooks, horoscope books, key rings, bookmarks, marble-paper/wrapping paper, and bestsellers in each category.It can further be noticed that the best seller section just prior to the cash c ounter is dedicated solely to Om publication. Additional aspects of the Store Layout The layout is no surmise very functional keeping in mind the lolly maximization philosophy of the store and the main agenda of pushing its own publication to the shopper. but the spacing of shelves is crammed with little walking space, hardly any session space (only 2-3 stools), and only 1 book stand. The entire focus is on 1 product offering i. e. books.Unlike competitors in the organised sector like Landmark, it is not focussing on the entire shopping experience, (no coffee, no other items on offer like stationary etc, no sitting space). Store Ambience and Decor The bookshelves were made of engineered wood like particle wood. This created a unique and rich traditional effect. Plastic or metal bookshelves were not used since they do not look expensive and give a modern happen, which was not something the book store wanted. Furthermore the particle wood was coloured a light shade of brown to giv e a bright and roomy/spacious look to the store. further the bookshelves were placed too close and for a particular section of customers who prefer the comforts of abundant seating arrangement, coffee facility, and walking space (as provided by Landmark), the unmixed functional design of the store might be interpreted as a crammed. This might not work well for a particular segment of customers whose matter with the shopping experience is as high as, if not higher than the involvement with the product itself. Furthermore the store works on the philosophy that it will focus on selling books alone and not encourage customers to spend hours just tuition in the store.This is unlike some of its contemporaries like Landmark that encourage customers to sit and read inside the store. Hence at OM book stores some customers may complain that the staff hover close to them and make them intuitive looking uncomfortable if they stay too long. The store plays light and slow English instrumenta l music to suit the taste of the higher-strata of people who usually visit the Promenade Mall and create a relaxed atmosphere in the store. Instrumental music is played since a song with wordings would disturb the concentration of a customer schooling the epilogue/back-cover of a book.This gives a contemporary feel to the store. Store Sale Programs The stores maximum profit comes from its Childrens section. Hence the sale accomplishment coincides with the summer and winter vacation in schools in Delhi. December to Mid-January and May to June are the respective winter and summer sales. The store is also receptive to mall trends in sale. Since almost every other shop in the mall had a sale in July, so the store too announced a sale to cash in on the increased footfall to the mall during the sale-period. There was no Flat Sale offer. Discount amounts were graded on the tooshie of demand.Books with high demand had low sale New Arrival, Top 20 Fiction/Non-Fiction, general Fiction, and bestsellers had only 10% discount. The store felt that irrespective of the toll these books would sell and so gave negligible discount on them. However on the kids section the discount was higher, around 20%, and even higher discounts on childrens books published in-house by Om Publications. This is because the store believes that parents during the sale period buy in bulk and a higher sale would induce them to buy more and soon enough it would not affect your margins.Furthermore parents are price conscious when purchase for little kids since the books cannot be added to a collection later on and mostly pose irrelevant in a short time after the child has outgrown them. The sale on OM publication was the highest because they already had the highest margins on it due to the absence of a middleman, and therefore could easily afford a large discount on those books. By touting the large discounts they aim to attract consumers to their publication and yet make the largest profit on t he same sales. The books with the largest discounts (say more than 50%) were displayed in piles on the floor.This was due to the belief that even if the books werent displayed at eye-level, even then the mammoth sale amount would encourage the shoppers to make the effort of bending down to pick up the book. To publicise the sale big red stickers were pasted on the glass walls of the store which can be viewed by the casual shopper passing by the store. Inside the store the discount for each section was mentioned separately through stickers and pointers.Store Loyalty Program A book is generally a product category where the consumers involvement with the product (i. e.the book itself) is much higher than his involvement with the store. Even if a person might have store preferences, yet his/her loyalty lies with the book and not with the store. Hence a consumer would not in truth care much as to whether he bought his/her book at OM Book stores or at Landmark, which is a stones throwawa y.Thus in order to boost property of loyal customers Om book stores has come up with a loyalty program, a privilege card holder concept which is as follows * 1 point for every Rs. 10 purchase. * Minimum points for redemption are 500 points. * 1 point equals Rs 1 reduction in bill amount.60-70% of walk-in customers were privilege card holders and the store already has 4500 privilege card holders. The scheme is a moderate success. Store Timings 11 A. M to 10 P. M ( For Mall)11 A. M to 8 P. M ( For standalone shop not the store we study) Working days All 7 Days of the week Peak days Saturday and Sunday Peak hours Evenings post 600 pm Staff 10-12 members including the manager. Manager stands behind the counter at one of the two cash registers. He is accompanied by 2 staff members whose work is to 1. practice session the second cash register for quick transactions during peak hour to prevent long queuing period 2.To nominate a book for a customer if he/she directly comes to the count er and asks for a specific book. Floor Staff responsibilities * Taking care of the specific three to four sections assigned to them. * keeping a track of inventory * Filling the requisition form for the replenishing of stock * Guiding the customers if required * Sticking the barcode behind each new book before placing them on the shelf. Shifts There are no shifts each staff member works throughout the day from 1100 AM -800pm (fixed) and from 800pm-1000pm (variable) depending on the rush. Hence post 800 pm the retained staff is paid on overtime basis. Showrooms (strategic positioning) NCR 5 in malls and 2 stand aloneMumbai 1 stand aloneThe store we studied was in the Promenade mall beside DT cinemas movie ticket counter on the 2nd floor. Revenues 1. 5 to 2 Lakhs on weekdays3 to3. 5 Lakhs on weekendsChildren, Fiction highest selling category (80% of sales) CONSUMER BUYING BEHAVIOUR The product category is such that it involves Limited-Decision Making by the customers. The reason s for purchase of a book from the store can be * acquire for self- Leisure * Buying for self Knowledge * Buying for Others- Regular * Buying for Others- Situational.The greater the motivation to make an optimal decision, the more likely an attribute-based choice will be made. Thus, attribute-based routineing is more likely for an expensive book purchase than it is for an inexpensive magazine. The easier it is to access complete attribute-by-brand information, the more likely attribute-based processing will be used. A variety of situations influence which choice approach is most likely. A book bought with the intention of a gift purchase is assigned more enormousness than a purchase for oneself. Thus, gift purchases would be more likely to produce attribute-based decision processes.Time pressure is a major determinant of choice process used, with increasing time pressures producing more use of attitude-based decisions. Thus, we can identify 3 major clusters of customers that visit Om Book Shop. Category I DEDICATED READER This is the kind of person who feels complete with a book in his hand. For him, the behaviour is governed by his choices alone and it is solely his decision. He is always trying to find the time to get back to his book. He is convinced that the world would be a much better place if only everyone read more. His primary information search happens within the store only.Category II LITERATE GOOD CITIZEN This is the kind of person who usually buys a book after reading it review by a critic or an expert. Such a person does more information search before coming to the store. For our respondent group, the most dominant sources for this information were reviews and Bestseller lists published in newspapers, magazines or online blogs and sites likes Amazon. com. Category III FAD READER This is the kind of person who only reads the popular books/ latest bestsellers so he can be up to date on what other people are talking about and be seen by others as someone who is well read.He often reads for the social credit he can get out of it. His primary information search is more through his friend circle or his group of colleagues from whom he might hear the latest fads in terms of books. Such a person could also go in for information search in popular newspapers/magazines or the shares on social media websites. From the interactions with a few customers at the Store, we could find out the following Social Class Effect on Book Purchasing Behaviour Contended Upper-Middle class PreferencesPopular fiction is their favorite category. Read fewer authors. Might read books in vernacular.Purchases most of them prefer borrowing from friends/library, buy books once in a while. Prefer buying during sales unless the book means a lot to them. dialogue they are most exposed to TV and then the Internet. Reviews from friends also propel them to buy popular books. Aspiring Upper-Middle Class Preferences Like reading a variety of books. They read popul ar fiction, romance, thriller, and also lots of red classics, classics and mature serious books. Often read books due to peer pressure. The time they can devote to reading is very little because they are usually time-constrained.Purchases Prefers borrowing books to buying them. chat Internet and TV is relatively high, followed by the newspaper. They often read books that are suggested by their friends. Being seen reading particular books gives them a social esteem and acceptance among their peers. Upper Class Preferences prefer a variety of books from contemporary novels, to classics, red classics, neo-classical books, non-fiction and business related books. Hardly read amatory fiction and dont blindly go for bestsellers. Purchases convenience is important.If the book is available instantly with a friend they will borrow, else they will buy it without delay, whichever is faster. Communication tallest exposure to and influence of net (online reviews and blogs) and newspaper. A c lose friend/colleagues suggestion might matter. They do not read to fit in with their peers. Upper-Upper class Preferences A preference for mature intellectual serious reading and contemporary novels. No cheesy romantic novels. However since Sumedha is a housewife she admits that at times she also likes reading thrillers (fiction). Read a variety of authors.Reading books is a popular leisure activity in this class. Purchases They purchase the book they want to read, never borrow. Communication Newspaper, Blogs, online reviews, magazines matter. TV doesnt play any role and nor do peer group tastes in books. Friends dont influence their purchase. Some interesting finds about what customers believe about book reading * Strongly believed that if parents read book then usually the child inculcates the habit of reading books too. * Felt that girls read more than boys. * Felt that people pick up the habit of reading books in school.* Felt that books influence the internal self. * Felt re ading books is an enjoyable activity. * Fiction is the most popular category. * Bestsellers and classics/novels are the next preferred category. * Non-fiction, philosophy/religion/supernatural, business/law books, and books on specific topics of interest are least favoured. RECOMMENDATIONS STORE found RECOMMENDATIONS When we map the Customer decision making process to the Store philosophy and operations we see that OM book store fairs well on certain aspects and do poorly on others.These have been described in greater detail below Strengths * Promoting their own OM Publication Om Book stores layout and staff are clearly thriving in attracting a majority of the customers to their own publication by strategically placing these books in certain ways. For eg they have placed OM publishers children books on the ground within easy grab opportunity of children who majorly influence the parents buying decision. And this section is placed straight in line with the entrance, i. e. any custo mer entering the store will be bound to enter this section.However childrens books of other publishers have been placed on the shelves. Further the way the books have been displayed influence buying impulses. Even on the shelf display the store practices discriminatory display policy. They mostly display other books sideways, while at least 1 simulate of each of their books have a frontal display. Further to cash in on impulse purchases they have stocked the bestseller section closest to the payment counter and the bestseller section at the mouth of the entrance is stocked only with OM publications. * Cashing in on Impulse Buying.Impulse buying can occur in 2 categories, either in the main category i. e. books, or in the accessory category i. e. pens, magazines, marble papers, key rings etc. Impulse buying can mostly occur in the Fiction, New arrival, Bestseller and Kids section. Hence these sections are kept in the front and a customer walking into the store is bound to encounter these sections because he will be forced to walk into these aisles. Further the right side of the aisle leading from the entry to the payment counter is lined with the best sellers in the respective branch aisle.Hence even if a customer isnt a management book loyalist, he will still get an exposure to the top selling bestsellers in the management category, and this might interest him enough to buy the book. The categories which are specific to a hobby/work/topic of interest and have low chances of impulse buying have been pushed to the back end of the store so that every customer wouldnt have to heart the hassle of walking through them, which is also unnecessary since impulse buying scope in these sections is very low.A category loyalist would never mind walking up to the category and so there is no loss in customer sales. Impulse buying in knick knack accessories has been promoted by lining the left side of the main aisle from the entrance to the payment counter with pens, magazi nes, recipe books, horoscope books etc. Bookmarks have been placed on the payment counter. * Very High Discount books displayed on the ground This was a clever move because it saved space, and even though the books werent displayed at eye-level or reach level the prominent low prices would make the customer bend down to pick up the book.Areas that need Improvement * In store shopping experience The lack of sitting handiness, coffee counter, spacious movement space might annoy certain segments of book purchases who want to have a leisured nice shopping experience in-store. These customers might want to sit and evaluate the books and go through them. Om book stores would lose out on this segment of customers who wish to get a feel of the book to stores like Landmark and Crossword where furthermore the staffs does not hover around you if you have been in the store for too long. * Online/Flipkart shopping.In all cases where the publisher is not OM Publisher, the prices in the store wou ld be definitely higher than prices on Flipkart since the latter has no middleman margin loss. It is often seen that OM book store purchases from Flipkart therefore they can never sell at the same low online price. Further the variety online would be greater and have the benefit of home delivery. Most young or tech savvy customers are moving to Flipkart. The home delivery problem can be solved if the company decides to offer this service to favor loyal/high potential customers by making them aware of the online purchase option on the OM books store website.They should promote the website. * Neglecting some Book categories The stores strong focus and monumental variety keeping priority in the kids, and fiction category often make certain customers, who are interested in specific work/hobby/topic of interest related categories, feel that the collection in these categories is unsatisfactory. As a solution they could either stock more books in these categories, or if it is not in line with their aim/policy, they can attract customers by giving marginally greater discounts on these books than their competitor stores.* Lack of Clear Sale communication It was often found that though the header of a category column bookshelf read 10% or 20% it still stacked books with higher discounts like 50% and up. This will make the store lose out on prise sensitive sale crazy customers. Additional Recommendations * The store require to decide on its vision, mission, and focus and align its product offering and ambience accordingly. If it still wants to differentiate as a non-commercial book stop then it can continue with its current policy and live with losing out some of its customers.Store space limitation is a problem in this particular store for it to provide a Landmark-like offering. * The store should specifically target the loyalist who will in any case come to the book store and purchase all that the book store has to do is to keep the books of their interest. The book store can also take advantage of the Social Conscious nature of North Indians. So they can provide seating within the book stores and so that the consumers can come and sit over which will give them a sense of good feel as they will be recognized by others as an intellectual person.It can also start service like home delivery for consumers like Rajiv who dont have time to come and buy books although he like to buy them from book stores. * They should try to convey the value of the product. If hes successful in conveying the value of the product then the trafficker i. e. book shop can make the Marwari Baniya loyalist. They should also come out with sales once in a while so that the value buying consumers come in and along with the books giving value they also pick up other books which are not on sale i. e. promote impulse buying behavior.This will increase the customer traffic and also help in increasing revenues. For Bengalis since book reading is a culture so we should have book stores at as many locations as possible and also the marketer should try to make his book shop more popular among the group as they would buy books anyways so if the unaided recall is high then the consumers would go to the books stores. The book stores should also be at strategic locations where the crowd is more * As we can infer, that the person who is highly involved in purchase, will sit in the book shop for a longer time and browse.The book shop staff can go to such person and suggest him some of the latest books which might have come or ask him about his preferences and suggest books accordingly. * Another area which can be tapped is of low product involvement category like people buying for others they are the consumers who spend less time but are generally confused as to what they should buy so the shop staff should help these people in selecting the books and also add relevant suggestion wherever necessary.In this way the person might rattling end up buying more than init ially thought. SEGMENT BASED RECOMMENDATIONS DEDICATED READER For the Dedicated Reader, as has been re-iterated time and again external influences do not work for him and if anything he only shirks off popular culture. Self-actualized people have realistic perceptions of themselves, others and the world around them. Thus promotions and marketing efforts have no influence on this category.She/he doesnt need to be persuaded to read and neither does she/he need any felicitation or acceptance for choose up a book to read. This category needs to be communicated that Om Book Shop (OBS) is a place where she/he will find all the categories of books and that availability r variety is not going to be a problem. The ad pitch to him must re-iterate the points of variety and availability in all categories of books. Since, this category enjoys reading and wants to make an experience.

Dogfight over Europe: Ryanair Essay

A. What is Ryanairs strategy and why has it been successful so far? In 1911, Ryanair faced cash flow problem, and was passing game to be bankrupted. However, it found the way to overcome this crisis by transform themselves from ordinary high-price airlines into the lowest price airline in the EU. They directioned on 5 things to rebirth their company.1. Focused on cut down the costs Ryanair aggressively cut closely of its costs in umteen ways. Found the routes and airports that charged low landing fees, and low turnaround costs Chose routes to Secondary airports, low airport feeEliminated all in-flight amenitiesUsed alloy stairs instead of air bridgePaid lower commissions to travel agentsSaved cost in its internal operationsImplemented economies of scale by using one model aircraft and treating all customers equally2. Focused on operating efficiency Ryanair carefully allocate all of its resources and assets to get the highest performance outcome. Optimized airplanes usages by relo cating the planes used in loss-making routes to gain-making routes. Attempted to change magnitude aircraft turnaround rate in many ways Operated only one type of aircraftProvided the newsletter to employees, which contained its and its competitors movements3. Focused on customer satisfactions Ryanair sustained customer care. Even though they are mostly middle-to-low classes who expected less services due to the lowest airfares, they would receive more than their expectation. on that full stop were 160 full-time reservation agents at its call enter at Dublin answered calls Maintained its record for on-time flight due to good-performed aircraft turnaround Received airfares in other currencyHad fewer restrictions to change the tickets4. Focused on ancillary income Ryanair gained extra revenue from other sales and services. In-flight sales beverages, snacks, and traditional itemsAdvertised spaces rentalOther referred fees5. Focused on its employees Ryanair never forgot to sustain an d motivate employees. Imprinted its values to employees. the firms as brutally cost conscious Gave its stock options to employeesRewards system varied with performance, commission, and bodily profits Had lots of job opportunities, e.g. promotion or rotationHad no bureaucracy and hierarchyCompared to its competitors, Ryanair became succeed because it was the first low-cost airlines which provided low airfares that generate increased volume of customers. At the same time, it had maintained a continuous focus on customer satisfactions, cost management and operating efficiencies, leading to the great nature that transfer from mouth to mouth by its loyalty customers. That created more customer and more income, being its sources of fund for reinvest. Also, the extra revenue from sales, advertised spaces renting, and referral fees could support its pecuniary health and accommodate it to sell the ticket more lower price. Moreover, started with people, Ryanairs employees shared the same v alues and goals with their company, cost-conscious with good-services.Sharing the companys benefit with them in like manner motivated them to work better and better. This was the other important foundation for its success. Thats why, Ryanair was success and became very high competitiveness in this market. B. Looking to the future, what should be the strategic concerns of Ryanair? What recommendations would you make to the top management? In my opinions, the most strategic concerns of Ryanair is its competitors. Assuming we were in 1999, at that time, no carrier that were Ryanairs primary competitor. However, in this year, no-frills(prenominal) carriers accounted for 3% of the European air travel market. This implied that the competition would be more intense. I would like to go through each competitors one-by-one. vestal Express It was most harmful competitor. It had many features as same as Ryanair, and some of them were better than Ryanairs, e.g. nine languages services in ticke t reservations, no physical tickets (lower its costs), etc. Virgin Expresss financial lost in 1998 might be resulted from only a shortage of pilots. If Virgin Express could fix that problems, continuously rectify its features, and fully implement cost control, it would become very competitiveness to the market. Suggestion for Ryanair Sustain doing theways Ryanair was, improve quality of service, innovate the ways to reduce costs, and focus more in marketing and creating brand awareness easyJet It was also harmful competitor. It had the same business model concerned about cost control, it gradually grew and was going to change from subcontracting to their own operation by reinvesting.However, its philosophy was wont complete with other low-fare guys. Suggestion for Ryanair Quickly expand the flying routes and grasp that benefits forrader easyJet does. British Airways Go British Airways Go had powerful backups and great brand values. It provided better service in-flight but also sol d ticket at the cheap price. Leading to the price competition in the future. Suggestion for Ryanair The company have to innovate its new unique point to eliminate the problem that it would have faced the loss of its customers to the competitors. It also need to in-depth its group of customers to find the ways out. Also, Ryanair have to be alert all the time. As the market become more intense, only dynamic organization can survive.

Managing Diversity and Ethics in the Workplace Essay

IntroductionThere steps drawing cards and managers can take to effectively manage mutation and ethics concerns. How a manager effectively manages ethics and diversity, inwardly the organization is directly correlated to the cultural, organizational and external environment influence ethical behavior. oneness of the steps drawing cards and managers can take is to incorporate diversity teaching of the organization. This big step puts the organization on its way toward maintaining a comfortably balanced various(a) organizational horticulture within a accompany. When it comes to managing diversity in the trainplace, there be many attri scarcelyes that go into a successful didactics session. (Jones, 2011, p. 164), managers can take steps to change attitudes and values and promote the effective centering of diversity. miscellanea cultivation within an organization is an effective step in changing the values and promotes the effective leaders and solicitude of diversity with in the organization is a big step towards maintaining a well balanced divers(a) organizational culture within a company.Every leader of an organization implores and implements diverse diversity educate tactics. Some companies discombobulate strict diversity training seminars that include power point presentations with a piece of rules for do and dont. Other organizations implement an to a greater extent interactive method with diverse conventions as a means to similarly reap the benefits of a diverse workforce For example at Sodexo and Principle Financial Group (Jones, 2011 p. 143) Sodexo encourages managers equal Ron Bond to interact with diverse groups to gain a split up appreciation and understanding of their experience.Sodexo accognitiond and understands that when diversity is manage effectively organizations can benefit the organization as a diverse workforce bring, diverse perspectives, points of view, experience and knowledge. Sodexo in like manner provide their em ployees with extensive diversity training, which encourages managers to be mentors and interact with diverse groups. According to Sodexo web site they At Sodexo we work around five pillars gender, generations, disability, ethnical origins and LGBT to foster a culture that embraces differences and celebrates unique ideas, perspectives, experiences and talents. As we strive to challenge stereotypes and disseminate the business case for diversity, we believe it is critical to train all managers and employees. (Sodex 2012). Sodexo USAs diversity learning strategy offers awareness training and skills building labs on topics ranging from generations in the piece of work to cross-cultural communications. chase the U.S. example, a broadcast designed to heighten awareness, building skills and provide tools for managing within a diverse working(a) environment were launched throughout Europe. (Sodex 2012). An organization such as Deloitte & Touche, stimulate instituted a program to encour age minority suppliers to complete for its businesses, and the firm sponsors schools and colleges that supply a stream of well-trained recruits. (Jones, 2011, p. 145). According to Googles corporate website on diversity, The Diversity training is designed to ensure our employees have the awareness, skills and knowledge to build and retain the workforce to fuel Google globally.Our diversity education programs includes all smells surrounding employment that compute to create a culture of inclusion with a focus on improving recruitment strategies and techniques for identifying high-value diverse talent (Google 2010). Google also says that At Google, we are committed to a supportive work environment, where employees have the opportunity to reach their fullest potential. Each Googler is expected to do his or her utmost to create a respectful workplace culture that is free of harassment, intimidation, bias and unlawful discrimination of any kind (Google 2010).The website goes on to sa y that employment at Google is based solely upon individual virtuousness and qualifications directly related to professionalcompetence and is non based on the basis of race, color, religion, veteran status, national origin, ancestry, pregnancy status, energise, gender identity or expression, age, matrimonial status, mental or physical disability, medical condition, sexual orientation or any other characteristics protected by law (Google 2010). This tells us that Google treats everyone equally, and gives them the same opportunities as everyone else. Equality challenging for diversity stakeholders and executives is getting the leaders team to corroborate and implement that things have changed harnessing cultural diversity through training increase productivity as such must be a major part of an organization. (Jones, 2011 p. 165) demonstrates number organizations are implementing programs within the organization that requires interaction.One of such organizational program whereby top managers spend time performing the same work duties as employees to improve and understand the challenges employees face was DaVita Inc. DaVita Inc., is a major supplier of kidney dialysis service, in the U.S. and turn the three top seniors executives have never worked in a dialysis clinic, exchange work places and now work three days in the clinic. The executives were provided with a better insight and understanding of the nature of the technicians jobs, on with the how emotional the job is and the effects on the technicians. There is no better way to understand diverse group than interaction, joining together at certain times in order to interact and communicate.Leadership of TeamsEssential important when implementing a change of the organization burden values, and goals is to form a top management team. (Jones, 2011 p. 499). Top management teams are the ones responsible for developing diversity training methods and a strategy to implement the training within the organizat ion in order to achieve the organization goals. Top management teams, are normally compose to a diverse group, with knowledge, expertise and experience in stressing diversity. As cross-functional top management team the members are comprised from the various departments within the organization as a formal group. The top management as a formal group, come together to form a cross-cultural team, by following the five stages of forming a group, as group role is to differentiate the behaviors and task. One of the behaviors for diversity training is that the members of theteam to lead by example, in demonstrating ethical and social responsibility. By treating employees based on skills rather than age, sex or race.The integration of leadership exercises in diversity training programs give swear out employees realize the importance of this put within the organization. There are many reasons as to why there must be a diverse team of leadership from top management from different backgrou nds, ethnicity, age, gender, or education so that the company can integrate points of views from mint from different walks of liveliness. In diversity training, employees would be made to realize that anyone can be a leader regardless of age, sex or race. Leadership skill workshops can be introduced at the work place to educate employees and encourage them to cultivate these skills. Many tribe confuse management and leadership to be the same thing. There are many people from diverse backgrounds who are managers. Management focuses on establishing detailed plans and schedules for achieving certain results, then providing resources to get to the plan.The jobs need to be filled with qualified individuals who understand the direction of the company. Leadership, on the other hand, creates change, oft to a dramatic degree. Leadership calls for creating a more cost-efficient or imaginative process for a future vision. While there are some managers who are leaders, there are some who are not. be both a good manager as well as a good leader is a balance between learned concepts of leadership as well as inborn traits of a leader. One reason that leadership in diversity training is necessary is because people from different backgrounds have different life experiences. These life experiences gives character, and their character is what determines what kind of leader they will end up being. For example, a potential leader will show fast characteristics like drive, energy, determination, self-discipline, willpower and a need for excellence. On the other hand, a person with weak character will show none of these traits.Their traits will be disorganized and random, and they will attract no followers. To be an effective leader, one must be desireworthy and ethical. A supervisor or manager at a company will only be well liked and looked up to if his employees trust him. In any organization, a leaders actions set the pace and the way a leader behaves if closely watched and noticed by his employees. This behavior wins trust, loyalty, and ensures the organizationscontinued prosperity. One of the ways to build trust is to display a good sense of character composed of beliefs, values, skills, and traits and to not be discriminatory towards people. In diversity training tactics, it might be reformatory to pair those with leadership potential with other leaders from different backgrounds so that they can learn the qualities of being an effective leader from each other. It might also be interesting to note how leaders from different backgrounds and ages tackle problems. There are many ways of being a leader, and people with different life experiences will tackle problems in a different way, depending on the situation and their background.For example, leaders like presidents of countries operate differently from leaders of companies. In diversity training, by chance an exercise could be undertaken that readys the employee chose a scenario and act as a leader in that scenario in order to explore different types of leadership. Diversity training workshops should also focuses on crucial leadership traits that may be of use within the organization. One leadership trait is the trait of courage. Leaders are usually untroubled of taking on challenging tasks. They display a confident calmness when under stress and plan out strategies in order to overcome obstacles in their path. People from minority backgrounds should take particular interest in this trait because they are working to get ahead in a world where they are a minority. Another example of a leadership trait is justice. Good leaders treat everyone fairly and display empathy by being sensitive to the feelings, values, interests, and well-being of others.They are non-prejudiced towards their employees and clients and make everyone feel like their voices are being heard. For example, a manager at a board meeting hears both sides of a myth before deciding on a course of action. Leadership seminars are particularly important in companies with many diverse employees because leaders build a foundation in their organization, as well as build a sense of trust with their employees. In a company, the leader or manager has to make sure the culture of the organization is positive and that the work flow is productive. The most important person in shaping an organizations culture is the leader of the organization. A leader at the executive level is the main source for the creation and implementing the culture and everything it stands for.The leader originally decides what the core values of the organization will be, how they will go to the highest degree their business and what rules they will follow. He is in charge of shaping the culture and managing it. An understanding of the diversity within the organization and the knowledge of how to mold different people together it is a necessary skill for leaders trying to achieve a strategic outcome. Along with the divers ity and culture of an organization, potential leaders must also pay attention to the climate of an organization. The climate is the feel of the organization as well as the individual and divided perceptions and attitudes of the organizations members. The climate of an organization represents the beliefs about the vibe or feel of the workplace by the employees.This individual perception of the way the organization feels comes from what the people believe about the activities that occur in the organization. These activities influence both individual and team motivation and satisfaction and the employee questions the actions and principles of the leader. These directly relate to diversity because sometimes people are unsure of how to treat other at times due to the difference in religious beliefs or opinions. If a leader outlines a usual code of conduct for all employees that takes into account everyones beliefs and expectation, a negative climate situation can be avoided. The climat e of an organization should bring about a feeling of assurance to the employees so that they know that they are doing things right and behaving appropriately.Leading Change and Managing ConflictManaging conflicts within the organization today requires the type of leader that is able to communicate and collaboration when working with a diverse workforce. Conflict is a an inevitable part of any organization, as goals of shareholders, managers and employees are more than often incompatible. (Jones, 2011, p. 566). When there is a crisis within an organization, a leader needs to be able to rise to the occasion, and bring out extraordinary leadership qualities by commencement determining what type of conflict is involved such interpersonal, intra group, inter group and interorganizational, understanding these various types of conflict and how they differ service of processs a manager deal with the conflict. except a manager needs to understand the source of the conflict, whether it see m from differentgoals and time horizons, overlapping authority, and/or task interdependencies. When a manager is able to make do the type of conflict and source he can focus on a fair consist distribution of justice equability. By cultivating leadership skills in employees, people from different cultures and backgrounds begin to trust each other because they are all leaders and they view themselves as equal to one another.The leadership aspect of diversity training should also outline how to be a respectful, unbiased leader when it comes to other cultures and ages within the organization. Employees observing a leader do not look at the traits or attributes of a leader, rather, they observe what the leader does in order to decide whether their supervisor really is a good leader or not. They use this observation to tell whether the leader is an honorable person or a self-seeking person who discriminates against other people or misuses their authority in order to get a promotion. Sel f-serving leaders are not as effective because their employees only obey them, not follow them. On self-serving leaders, often give employees The feeling of being separate, which is characteristic of leaders, is different from narcissism. The leader is aware of boundaries and distinguishes the inner and outer worlds, fantasy and reality, self and other people.Career-oriented managers are more likely to exhibit the effects of narcissism than leaders. While busily adapting to their environment, managers are narrowly engaged in maintaining their identity and self-esteem through others, whereas leaders have self-confidence growing out of the awareness of who they are and the visions that drive them to achieve Diversity training companies also helps cultivate relationships between the people of the organization. Organizational conflicts is a discord that arises when there is a diverse workforce who are incompatible, where goals, values and interest differ, which cause blocks and attempts to thwart each other work performance. Diversity training that address conflict management strategies focuses on conflict resolution diversity awareness, sources of conflicts, job rotation, and temporary assignments. These strategies focus on the whole organization. A Top management team position, as the leader has to make sure his employees are working together as a team.Doing their share of the work, getting along with people and working well with others are all part of teamwork. A leader or manager has to make sure thathis employees are not only meeting these goals, but also motivating them to go one step ahead of these goals to increase productivity. Introduction of these concepts in relation to diversity will help people from different backgrounds work together towards a common goal. Teamwork training exercises in diversity training are important for employees who want to advance to a leadership position, as teamwork is one of the key things managers look at when determining l eadership potential. Employees with leadership potential see team effectiveness as a leadership opportunity. They realize that they will achieve more by working through and with others, that they will get more done with the active support of colleagues.These exercises will also help to harbor good relations between people from different walks of life. Finally, leadership seminars motivate minorities to do better. In recent times, minority employees have been underestimated when it comes to handing out leadership positions. One reason for this is that some minorities do not think that they are capable of being leaders because there have been so few minority leaders in their organization. They do not go for higher positions because they think that they cannot get them. By organizing leadership seminars, minorities can see that they are good copious to be leaders because they are not different from any other race, culture, gender or age group around them. The leadership seminars will help them learn about their own skills as well as inculcate new ones within them so that they go for their goals.CONCLUSIONLeadership is an important attribute that should be more focused on in diversity training workshops. Leadership leads to teamwork which is an important factor in an organization. Making sure that employees get along and that no one is discriminated against is a leaders job. If everyone is taught about leadership and how it works, people from different backgrounds will gain the confidence and skills required to advance within the organization. Leadership seminars will also help to inspire people and prevent a negative cultural climate from occurring between people from different backgrounds. Activities like leadership role switching and scenario leadership can help cultivate teamwork and leadership among employees.BibliographyJones, Gareth R. and George, Jennifer M. Contemporary Management. 7th ed. McGraw-Hill Irwin, N.Y., N.Y., 2011.Sodex (2012) Sodex and Princi ple Financial Group. Retrieved from http//www.sodexo.com/en/commitments/diversity-inclusion/actions/training.aspx July 20, 2012Google (2010). Google Diversity and Inclusion. Retrieved from on July 20, 2012.

Cultural Sensivity Essay

The manner in which contort is employed in an international context is a significant factor which is frequently ill-use or neglected by the developers of network sites and instructional material. What is more, its application is even more complicated due to the nonion that perception of color is conditioned not merely by ones physical competence to see it. It is even more important for a interior decorator to downstairsstand the meaning of a color in terms of cultural preferences. Following are some recommendations in regards to the worlds attitudes toward the basic colors.So, the developer of a site oriented on an international viewer should keep in mind that blue is the best-tolerated color worldwide. Blue is one of the colors that is unobjected in the majority of ethnical traditions. Therefore, a designer can employ it for either sorts of sites, no matter what its audience, purpose, or placement are. In regards to the pleasant perception of this color specialists state that on our planet you cannot go on anything that would be isolated from the surroundings that is, excluding the sky.This may be the cause for prevailing religious beliefs place their deity somewhere above, while evil usually resides under the ground. There is a group of colors that possess somewhat indistinct characteristics and meanings. Among those one should mention pink. When developing sites for citizens of East India, it is recommended to avoid pale version of this color for the reason that male audience consider it as having a feminine attribute.In some states, on the other hand, representatives of both genders favor pastels the perfect character is Japan. But the most important category for the designer to remember is the group of unsafe colors. The most noteworthy example is purple, which is received negatively in all around the world. Catholic-dominated countries, for example, have this color as a representation of death and crucifixion. Moreover, it symbolizes mystical tea chings and practices that oppose the tenets of Christianism, Judaism and Muslimism.It is crucial for instructional designers to realize that all material is unseparatable from culture. Thus, Web site developers must take some special aspects of culture like, for example, color preferances, and integrate them into the project in order to create culturally sensitive presentation. character reference List 1. Design at Work Leaning Network. (April 2003). A brief introduction to information design. Retrieved on February 23, 2007, from http//http//www. christiania. edu/iforum/iforum/ePaper_no_4_3003. pdf.

Chilean Mines

Knowing Your Audience & Com. Release Michelle Jones OXBOW/275 April 28, 2013 Dry. Monica G whollyant The Chilean Mine Collapse On August 5, 2010, a main access tunnel of a mine in Chile, owned by Companion Mineral San Stefan Primmer, collapsed and trapped 33 miners. There ar very serious risks when it comes to mining and the control of those risks determines the gum elastic of the miners. Crucial Considerations and the Audience When you have a tragic situation like this, in that respect are so many people who are affected which admit the families of the miners and their co-workers.The miners families as well as the co-workers are obviously close to them will be saddened and troubled so they are going to be extremely raw by the event. Dealing with this type of audience, it is imperative that you pay attention to how you word the intended information, watch your tone when you are making an announcement concerning all problematic and consider your audiences emotions and their conc erns. Potential Needs of the Families of the Miners It would be terribly difficult make loveing that I had a family member who was trapped in a mine and there was nothing I could do about It.I would want to know every detail possible about the incident and if everything was being done to rescue these poor individuals. It is imperative that as family members, we understand what caused the Incident, which miners were Involved. If any perished. Is there a way to contact them and to keep us informed of any new occurrences. Above all else, I feel it is important to be honest and to not leave out any details. The sooner what is known is easier to deal with. Potential Needs of the Miners Co-workers As an employee who works for the mines, you understand the risk that is involved.It s important to deliver such news in a professional and appropriate manner not to mention, quiet the other employees they are not In any danger when they return to work. It is also important to treat the co-wor kers as family members because in a sense, this is their home remote from home. They wish to know all that is going on. Actions that are taken before and after the Message Is delivered In a situation such as this, I feel it is best that you understand who your audience is before any message is delivered. To me, a prepared statement should be given both in soulfulness and through the media.Speaking to the people face-to-face lets the family members and the co-workers know that they matter and the trapped miners are important enough to meet with these individuals. Giving a statement through the media lets others know that they are doing all that they can to make sure these miners are rescued safely and keeps family members that are not in the area caught up in the a la mode(p) developments. To the Families (through media) T ay at moon, a tragedy occurred in one our mines. From what we know, the mine has collapsed due to a carry failure and there are 33 miners that are trapped appro ximately 2000 feet below.At this sequence, our rescue operation is in progress and they are drilling boreholes to pinpoint the precise location of your family and co- workers. Unfortunately, we have not confirmed their lay claim location, and we are asking everyone to please be patient with us as we do everything in our power to locate the miners. Once it is determined where they are positioned, the infallible water and food, as well as medicine will be sent down to them. We are fully aware that this is very difficult time for everyone but please understand that we are doing all that is accessory to bring these miners out safely.We are confident they will all be rescued and returned to us safe and sound. We will keep everyone posted as information becomes available to us. If you have any questions about updates or concerns, we have set up a hotlist for you to call. That number is 11-56-555-5454. To the Co- workers (face-to-face) As all of you are aware, a tragedy has happened wit hin our company. At approximately 2pm today, one of our mines collapsed due to a rock failure and 33 of our men are trapped about 2000 feet below.

Should Medicaid Pay for Abortion

Should Medicaid pay for miscarriage? This is a very sore subject and genius that has been in the newspapers for months now. It is overly the main reason that the passing of the historic wellness was postponed for the amount of time that it was. I think that even though abortion is a touchy subject and won that has been a main topic since Roe vs. Wade in 1973, I think that is a very important topic and one that will always be discussed for much more time. I think that abortion should be legal and be the last of the parties involved to make the decision on whether to have one or non.Also, I believe think that abortion should be cover by the tax payers in the case o rape or incest because both of those instances could result in a very tough support for the baby. Either the child will be hated by its mother because every day she looks at him/her it reminds her of her rapist, or the child is born with birth defects. To thoroughly make a good decision on where you underpin with th e abortion topic, I think that you must first find out what abortion actually is. stillbirth is the induced termination of a pregnancy with destruction of the conceptus or fetus, any of various procedures resulting in the termination of a pregnancy, cessation of normal growth, especially of an organ or other body part, prior to honorable development or maturation, and the premature ending or abandonment of an undertaking. Abortion procedures include manual vacuum aspiration and dilation and suction curettage, both of which fe antheral genitals be performed in early pregnancy.The social acceptability of abortion as a means of population control has varied from time to time and step to the fore to place throughout history. It was app atomic arrive 18ntly a common method of family limitation in the Greco-Roman world, but Christian theologians early and vehemently condemned it. It became widely true in Europe in the middle Ages. Severe criminal sanctions to deter abortion became c ommon in the 19th century, but in the 20th century those sanctions were gradually modified in many countries. In the U. S. the 1973 Roe v.Wade decision had the effect of legalizing abortion during the first three months of pregnancy states were able to implement restrictions on chafe to abortion after the first trimester, though within constraints set by the courts. Since that decision, there has been a fierce debate in the midst of supporters and opponents of a liberalized abortion policy. As you see this is or sothing that has been debated for centuries upon centuries. I have read many articals on abortion and how the procedure is actually conducted.The procedure seems to be very gruesome, that is why I can under al-Qaeda why some people like rep. Bart Stupak atomic number 18 diehard pro-life supporters. If you can recall Bart Stupak who is a senator from gelt (our own state) was the democrat who along with twelve other pro-life democrats held up the passing of the healthca re bill with his votes until President Obama agreed to sign an executive revisal stating that government funding will not go to covering abortion in this new health care bill. After words Stupak say We stood strong, said Stupak. We stood on a principle. Stupaks argument really goes all the way back to Roe v. Wade. After Roe v. Wade decriminalized abortion in 1973, Medicaid covered abortion care without restriction. In 1976, Representative Henry Hyde (R-IL) introduced an amendment that later passed to limit federal funding for abortion care. Effective in 1977, this provision, known as the Hyde Amendment, specifies what abortion services are covered under Medicaid. Over the past two decades, Congress has debated the limited circumstances under which federal funding for abortion should be allowed.For a brief period of time, coverage included cases of rape, incest, life endangerment, and physical health damage to the woman. However, beginning in 1979, the physical health exception wa s excluded, and in 1981 rape and incest exceptions were also excluded. In September 1993, Congress rewrote the provision to include Medicaid funding for abortions in cases where the pregnancy resulted from rape or incest. The present version of the Hyde Amendment requires coverage of abortion in cases of rape, incest, and life endangerment. The first challenges to the Hyde Amendment came shortly after its implementation.The Supreme Court has held that the Hyde Amendment restrictions are constitutional and that states participating in Medicaid are only required to cover abortion services for which they receive federal funding rather than all medically necessary abortions. Challenges under state constitutions have been more successful. some(prenominal) lawsuits have been brought in individual states arguing that state constitutions afford greater protection for privacy and equal protection than the federal Constitution. The Hyde Amendment affects only federal spending. States are fr ee to use heir own funds to cover additional abortion services. For example, Hawaii, New York, and Washington have enacted laws funding abortions for health reasons. Other states, such(prenominal) as Maryland, cover abortions for women whose pregnancies are affected by fetal abnormalities or present serious health risks. These expansions are important steps toward ensuring equal access to health care for all women. Prior to the 1993 expansion of the Hyde Amendment, thirty states chose not to use their own Medicaid funds to cover abortions for pregnancies resulting from rape or incest.Initially, a number of states expressed resistance to comply with the expanded Hyde Amendment, and presently thirteen states are under court ball clubs to comply and cover rape and incest in addition to life endangerment. Every court that has considered the Hyde Amendments application to a states Medicaid program since 1993 has held that states continuing to participate in the Medicaid program must cov er abortions resulting from rape or incest in order to be compliant with the Hyde Amendment, regardless of state laws that may be more restrictive. Federal funding has been covering abortion for eld and according to the Hyde Amendment it covers incest and rape. My research has also led me to see that Michigan is one of twenty seven states that receive funding under the Hyde Amendment. This means that one of the states that use federal funding for abortion in special cases has the main representative that is arguing that exact system. This is kind of ironic to me. If the federal funding is there and actually has been there for seventeen eld what the point of arguing the bill that will eventually save the government money.I have found some interesting information that if looked at maybe by some of our politicians they would not cause such a big fuss like Stupak and some other extreme conservatives like Sarah Palin about a the health care bill that not only is in the best interest of the people but also the best interest of the government in foothold of the budget but also the insurance companies who now will have more policies out there to bring in more revenue. Here are some interesting facts that I found about what type of women have abortions and why. Women with family incomes less than $15,000 obtain 28. 7% of all abortions Women with family incomes between $15,000 and $29,999 obtain 19. 5% Women with family incomes between $30,000 and $59,999 obtain 38. 0%Women with family incomes over $60,000 obtain 13. 8%. The reason women have abortion are as follows, 1% of all abortions occur because of rape or incest 6% of abortions occur because of potential health problems regarding either the mother or child, and 93% of all abortions occur for social reasons (i. e. he child is unwanted or inconvenient). So why not allow the health care bill to cover abortion? If the bill is basically just going to keep the Hyde Amendment rein in place or maybe take it another step forward and require police reports on alleged rapes and incest it really will not make a difference. If only one percent of all abortion are due to rape or incest, that amount of spending will not even dent the federal funding. I think more money is spent by politicians on their private jets that take all over the united States just to make appearances.While abortion remains perhaps the most contentious issue in American politics, what is one persons principled stand is anothers crime against humanity. Abortion is a decision that should be made by the person going through the process not some politician from Texas for example who lives in a ten thousand square foot home and makes probably a million dollars a year after kick backs. Also if the system of states covering under the correct circumstances has been working for almost twenty years then I say why change it.Many times people let their emotions and personal feeling make their decisions when all they have do is put themse lves in the position of the women who was raped, or the male is out of the picture and the mother will not be able to financially support a child and the child might end up in a dumpster, in the street or living in foster homes its whole life. I look at this way and Im going to state a question to some of these people who think federal funding should not pay for this. Financially speaking as a nation, Is it financially better to cover a $500 dollar procedure once or pay for Medicare, housing, and food for eighteen years?From doing the basic mathematics I think the $500 is a lot cheaper. The United States is a business. And just like any other business it needs money to survive. To keep back that money it has a budget, and that budget at this point is in a major deficit. This bill will save trillions of dollars over the next fifteen years imagine how much more money they could save all states allowed the lower income poverty striking women to have abortion under the state insurance, trillions more would be saved. Basic math is the key to answering this, in the end its all business.WORK CITED 1. Gregg Cunningham, WHY ABORTION IS GENOCIDE Winter 2000 2. AMERICAN GOVERNMENT TEXT record 3. Megan Carpentier, Bart Stupak is no healthcare hero (march 22, 2010) 4. Peter Roff, The Next health care Reform Fight Make the Abortion Executive Order Law (March 24, 2010) Pr 5. Steven Ertelt , New Catholic Bishops Memo Abortion in Health Care Despite Obama Order (March 30, 2010) 6. Tres Sugar, Congress Debates Whether Health Care Should Cover Abortion (07/09/2009) 7. Angela Blair, Obamas Healthcare Bill Requires All Americans to Pay For Abortions (3/7/2010) 8. The Henry J. Kaiser Foundation, Medicaids Role for Women. Issue apprize An Update on Womens Health Policy (November 2004). 9. The Guttmacher Institute, State Funding of Abortion Under Medicaid. State Policies in Brief (June 1, 2005). 2 . American government page 102 3 . www. abortion. com 4 . www. csmonitor. com 5 . The Henry J. Kaiser Foundation, Medicaids Role for Women. Issue Briefs An Update on Womens Health Policy (November 2004). 6 . The Guttmacher Institute, State Funding of Abortion Under Medicaid. State Policies in Brief (June 1, 2005). 7 . www. abortionno. org 8 . www. abortionno. org

Contemporary Hawaiian Music Essay

There is a famous Hawaiian saying, You know if the Hawaiian harmonies are good if they give you yellowish skin (Alter inwrought Hawaii, 2002) and, I must say, listening to the online radio streaming of KCCN FM100 gave me goosebumps. Being more attuned to Western pop culture, it was a pleasantly refreshing experience for me to baby-sit for an hour and listen to contemporary reggae, urban music and ragga with an island beat thats truly Hawaiian.Fourteen original Hawaiian songs, including the Top 5 hits in KCCN charts, were vie during a late afternoon program that also aired a couple of brief Hele On traffic news, a commercial each from human beings Share and Hawaii. gov, and 8 radio ads encouraging the people to participate at the ongoing 2010 Census. The DJ on deck did not talk much yet to give quick, in-between plugs for a party event and to introduce songs.A distinctly noticeable feature in the contemporary Hawaiian music is its nitty-gritty to love and desire. The soulful son gs I listened to speak of the excitement of love, romancing the heart of another or accepting a loves rejection. But even though the lyrics contain sad words, the melody is always upbeat and sensual. The island reggae beat and the smooth ballad is very easy on the ears especially when instruments, like the ukulele, saxophone and native drums blend together to produce the perfect harmony.The result is one relaxed listener mentally transported in an island paradise in Hawaii, and its effect to music lovers is no slight than rejuvinating the soul. I think KCCN FM100, being a radio station that plays modern hip-hop and soul Hawaiian music, carries the familiar radio spunk of other American hiphop stations. The DJ was very energetic and in a party mood, and even the traffic reporter was such a chipper in delivering traffic updates as a local anaesthetic RnB song played in the background.The advertisements aired between the 430-to-530pm radio show were mostly the varying versions of pro moting the 2010 Census Count explaining what the number results would mean to businesses, the improvement of social services and what it means to the future generation. I think delivering the message using both in English and the local set phrase reveals a lot about the listeners profile of KCCN, which is a mixture of both modern and traditional Hawaiian folks.I also believe that although all local songs aired were sang in English, they always make it a point to bring out the traditional Hawaiian flavor. This much is obvious in both the songs and commercials played. Listening to KCCN and the music aired there makes me realize how global Hawaiian music can be in terms of its appeal to both childlike and old, locals and foreigners. Everybody can appreciate an island style music inspired by the world-loved Bob Marley and urban rhythm of the modern RnB.

Legalism, Taoism and Confucianism Essay

All three most influential philosophic schools of thought i.e. legalism, Taoism and Confucianism originate from the same tenet of peace and accord in the Chinese society in particular and in world in general. But their methodologies and philosophical routes to achieve this objective atomic number 18 different. Legalism rede a strong and central governmental body as remedy for all the maladies of contemporary Chinese society whereas Taoism and Confucianism do not favor a strong political entity and reinforce the ideas of singular independence and companionable coherence. The doctrine of legalism believes that strict laws and punitive measures are preconditions for a strong central government that provide bring peace and prosperity in the society. This doctrine is based on the assumption that human spirit is irredeemably malicious and is prone to produce conflicts. These conflicts harm the social cohesion and generate panic and dis roll in the community. That is the reason th at strong laws and punishments can make them (people) in alignment with needs of the political entity. In pith contrast to Legalism, Taoism and Confucianism are of the view that human nature is constituted of moral virtues. Taoism was directly opposed to the tenets of Legalism and believed in a close association between man and nature. They further reinforce that nature is virtuous in essence and intend at achieving greater unity and universal organization. They view man-make laws as bionic and transient that has limited life. So Taoist are against Legalism and believed that these were fabricated to serve the vested interest of the rulers and they have zero point to do with the common good of the people. This basic difference between the philosophical principles leads the Taoist to rebel against the launch social patterns as they considered it a tool to perpetuate the regime of the despotic rulers. Confucianism is considered a rationalization of these two extremes i.e. legalism and Taoism. Confucianism neither believed in the idea of harsh punishments, impersonal laws and inhuman rules toward the mass nor it gave approval to absolute individual emancipation of thought and action as it would lead to utter anarchy. Confucianism adopted an equidistant approach between the two extremes and propagated a philosophy based on the beautiful combination of individual needs and social needs. Confucianism served as a balance between the extreme centralization of power and subjugation of masses as embodied in Legalism and the utter chaos created by the absolute individualistic approach of Taoism. Legalism was an advanced political system whereas Taoism was inclined toward primitivism. Taoism reinforced the idea of a personal and individual reaction to the mundane and multiform social problems. According to its basic precept of Tao ( musical mode), human nature can find its own way out of many. So it negated the formulated laws and effected social patterns.Subjectiv e judgments were made according to the needs of the occasions. broadly speaking these judgments were based on the ancient teachings and traditional principles with outsized personal discretion. In complete contrast to Taoism, Legalism established a complete code of laws and they (Legalists) were strictly adhered to these laws. Instead of personal discretion or subjective interpretation, judgments were made according to written laws. This characteristic of Legalism made it the most advanced philosophy of ancient China as compared with Taoism. In contrast to abovementioned ways, Confucianism suggested another way i.e. to get social harmony through social cohesion of individuals with the society itself. It took care of individuals needs as well as the socio-political needs. To Confucius, society was not a guileless collection of individual but is has other internal and external dimensions. Internally, it is the substantial device that moulds our beliefs and attitudes while on the ext ernal horizon, it exerts and maintains pressures from the society to facilitate conformity to the above-mentioned collective beliefs and attitudes.Confucius perceived society as a separate and distinguished unit. It is an entity independent of individuals. This argument clearly manifests that social facts i.e. norms, values and institutions, have their independent foundation and are not sustained by individual actions but individuals react to them. Confucius also suggests that individual desires are cravings are unlimited and individual hankers after more and more. This natural insatiability produces individual propensities in humans. In order to control these propensities society works as a regulative force.Frederick Cheung has comprehensively summed up the differences and similarities in the doctrines of these major philosophies of Chinese history in this wayIf we compare and contrast the three schools of thoughts on individual freedom and control we would find that Taoism was e xtremely free, while Legalism was extremely strict (a kind of totalitarian control) with Confucianism in the plaza (the golden means or moderation). On political theory and concepts of progress, Legalism was the most advanced and directing to the rising while Taoism was reactionary and returning to the primitive nature with again Confucianism in the middle. Indeed, moderation and balance were perchance the major reasons for the eventual triumph of Confucianism in traditional Chinese history. (p.3)ReferencesCheung, Frederick. (2006). The Legacy of Ancient China The intelligent Foundations Legalism, Taoism, and Confucianism. The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Website