The American image of Thanksgiving Essay Example for Free

The American image of Thanksgiving EssayThe American image of Thanksgiving is much different from the historical facts. The American vision is a big happy celebration with many people sitting around a long, wooden table. This, sadly, is not historic whollyy accurate at all. In this study I will explain the current Americans Thanksgiving story as well as the historically accurate strain. Today, Thanksgiving in America consists of big family gatherings, plentiful food, and giving thanks. One of the more obvious differences amidst the current Thanksgiving and the first on is the food. Today, everyone has an electric oven to bake breads, pies, and cakes. In the early American days electricity had not been invented yet.This meant that cooking meat was long, tedious, and over a fire. The early pilgrims and Native Americans had no way to bake all the foods we have today. In the earlier days, the people would hunt their food. The first Thanksgiving probably consisted of wild turkey, deer, fowl, and fish. This is very different from the big, farm-raised, store-bought turkeys that sit on our tables today. If you acquire any elementary student, they will describe Thanksgiving as many happy pilgrims and Indians around a big table with plenty of food to go around. This, again, is incorrect. The Native Americans and pilgrims were quite hostile during this time. Several pilgrims had died by cause of disease and malnutrition. Many of the Native Americans had also been killed off because of Indian raids from the pilgrims.Some fragments of the current Americans story of the first Thanksgiving are correct. The famous Native American, Squanto did help the pilgrims learn how to plant food. He was there, helping create peace between the two groups of people. The pilgrims were very thankful for Squanto and his help, as we give thanks today. The meal eaten at the first Thanksgiving was similar to the Thanksgiving meal we eat today, with hardly a(prenominal) differences. They ate wild turkey, along with other hunted meat and vegetables.The differences between the Americans view of the first Thanksgiving and the historically accurate version are abundant. The pilgrims and Native Americans were very hostile toward each other at the time of the first Thanksgiving. Food was not as plentiful as it seems. in that location were far lesspeople than thought at the first Thanksgiving due to disease, malnourishment, and Indian raids.

US Academic Integrity Problems in University

US Academic Integrity Problems in UniversityThe summary of An Economic Analysis of Academic Dishonesty and Its Deterrence in higher(prenominal) EducationThis document mainly discusses the issues of pedantic integrity. It pass ons a detailed analysis on the schoolman integrity problems now in American universities that atomic number 18 summarized. wherefore so many students choose to cheat? What kind of students are enrolled in schoolmanian dishonesty? (almost all). The relationship between market supply and schoolman dishonesty. Suggestions and measures pertinent institutions take on this problem. The problem of pedantician dishonesty criticism can be seen everywhere in this document. More and more academic imposture makes the undivided education system construct a big hole. Low achievers destroyed the whole academic system balance. Author urge students not to do academic cheating. Prevention of academic dishonesty and severe the punitive measures have been implemented. Although the article mentioned several times completely ruled out is not possible with academic integrity, hope that all students and faculties for fairness and justice, to resist this phenomenon.This document is made up with six split. They are followed by introduction, state of the union on academic dishonesty, microeconomic arguments on academic honesty/ dishonesty, what the students say a look at survey results, proposals and resolutions, and conclusions.In the first part, the author introduces the good academic achievement have a tremendous influence to students. Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn(2008, P183) argue that the underlying contract in higher education is that students, in exchange for demonstration of individual skills and predetermined levels of under- standing, are evaluated objectively by faculty and rewarded by the polishion of a grade-level performance on their permanent records. in addition to providing a system that can reflect mastery or traini ng in particular subject matters, grading and student evaluation mechanisms, with their rewards and retaliatements, prepare students for the workplace and its market forces good performance is rewarded and deplorable performance and dishonesty are punished. are punished.It is not only when for his/ her individual abilitys evidence, but overly is a kind of schools student evaluation mechanisms and societys acceptance. More important, which is also the theme of this document-Academic Honesty. The education can provide training and assigning evaluations in exchange for course assignment, work, and requirements- -students enter labor markets burnishing their college degrees as a signal to electric potential employers. ( Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn, 2008, P184) Academic integrity is not reflected in the academic achievements of the students, but also reflects his influence on society as a whole. The ability to work with academic degrees and diplomas does not allow people to recognize academic achievement, which is a violation of the rights and interests of honest and trustworthy students.In the second part, it describes the crowd statistics of the phenomenon of academic dishonesty and the posture of people to academic integrity. A survey by pennsylvania state university, rutgers university, and washington state university reveals that fifty-six percent of masters of business administration (MBA) students reconcile that they took notes into exams surreptitiously, stole work from former(a)s, and engaged in other forms of cheating. (available at the center for academic integrity, located at clemson university,P187)..surveyed 5,331 students at thirty-two graduate schools in the coupled states and canada between 2002 and 2004. the study concluded that forty-seven percent of nonbusiness students admitted to some form of serious academic dishonesty during the previous school year.( Francesca Di Meglio,2006, P187) These two examples shows the serio us of academic integrity. Nearly half of the students in higher education also have academic dishonesty. This is an amazing and terrible phenomenon. In the high school students are cheating so, so in a relatively low level of school, this phenomenon exit be more serious. In the latter, this document also mentioned, almost all the students will the academic dishonesty naturally or unconsciously. This is the consensus of every academic dishonesty students, better grades for their work to better help. People do not pay caution to the moral problems and punishment, because the punishment does not deter them. There is a more strange and serious problem, Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn(2008, P190) point that Some MBA students were outraged at the editorial, and they too denied that in that location was a significant problem with cheating. It also reflects the problems of the education system, but fortunately most people are in favor of the severe suppression and punishmen t of academic integrity.The third part use microeconomic arguments specific analysis of the reasons for the existence of the phenomenon of academic cheating, as well as the relationship between the accredited marketplace. Hayek points to knowledge as a commodity that must flow as freely as possible if the marketplace is to maximize societys welfare. (Friedrich A. Hayek, 1945, P191) In simple terms, academic cheating is now in direct proportion to the extent to which it is accepted by society. The author uses the supply curve to describe the phenomenon. Initially, demand may be quite inelastic for many students. they have been told repeatedly that cheating is wrong, ..but eventually a price will be reached where demand becomes quite elastic due, for example, to minimum enforcement or the realization that almost everyone is now cheating.( Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn,2008, P199) faculty view the academic dishonesty problem in terms of the demand and supply of academ ic honesty. .( Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn,2008, P200) On one side, because more and more low level students have achieved good results with academic dishonesty, many good students have hesitated to join in the behavior. On the other side, the neglect of this phenomenon by the faculty makes academic dishonesty increasingly rampant. From the market perspective, the academic integritys survey will cost amount of money and energy. So only to college diploma to measure a students academic level makes dishonest problems have become increasingly serious. This seems to form a cycle of death.The forth and fifty parts are relatively, a look at survey result that students talk about integrity dishonesty and the proposals and resolutions. It can be included with four words-affidavit, report, punish and curb. Students sign an affidavit to insurance their academic integrity. Students report the academic dishonesty to faculty immediately. Those academic dishonesty students will be severely punished. ASU has absolutes acceptance for academic integrity that curb the academic dishonesty. The recommendations were met with grateful support from deans, who agreed that visible steps were necessary to change the culture. (Cultural reforms come from symbolism, P205) This shows that all members of the community to create an academic integrity and the determination of the real talents. However, the cause of academic dishonesty is also a common social contradictions Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn(2008,P207) also showed that students stress the pressure they feel to make good grades, especially by parents who are paying tuition. ..students are also vocal about how poor teachers encourage academic dishonesty if tests have scant(p) to do with class discussions or are so outlandishly hard that mass cheating seems the only answer. quite a few added, you dont cheat in classes you love. It is common for students to pursue a better academic achievement at the expense of their family. The latter phenomenon is the problem of the university school system, where faculties or college and students all want to commove better grades to prove themselves, which have created a large number of open academic dishonesty. Then, an interesting ideas exist the academic dishonesty students, some individuals just make up a high out of cheating and seem to enjoy the thrill of getting away with it(P207). There are six resolutions that the SFPC came forward for the Faculty Senate in March 2005. The first resolution build an orientation that pay attention to academic integrity culture. The second is in order to enhance the culture with a specific action-brochures. Th third promote faculty to use a website in their syllabus that encourage students do not have academic cheating. The fourth, advance faculties to use anti-plagiarism software. The fifth, established in each college to monitor large sections. The sixth, each college designate an individual who se rves as the lead authority when cheating problems arise in the college. (P210)Above, the last step has a conclusion about the total document, according to the academic dishonesty of this phenomenon have occurred, the relevant departments have taken corresponding measures. Students because of emptiness and herd mentality, students choose academic cheating. This not only undermines the market demand to have the ability people. The whole society in the loss of credit environment. In addition, make more students lose confidence in academic integrity, which makes the whole country level decreased. At last, the author supports changing the university culture to change the academic integrity. Through a series of small reforms to complete the reform of the entire academic credit.ReferencesAn Economic Analysis of Academic Dishonesty and Its Deterrence in higher(prenominal) Education . Stephen K. Happeln and Marianne M. Jenningsnn. Journal of legal studies education volume 25, issue 2, 183-2 14, summer/fall 2008..Available at the center for academic integrity, located at clemson university, http//www. academicintegrity.org/cai_research/index.php.Francesca Di Meglio, a crooked path through business school?, sept. 24, 2006, http//www. businessweek.com.Friedrich A. Hayek, the use of knowledge in society, 35 am. econ. rev. 519 (1945).

Teacher Accountability For Quality Education In Mauritius

Teacher Accountability For flavor Education In MauritiusThere atomic phone number 18 various papers and reports on instructor office worldwide. Our paper porees on teacher right in the Mauritian context. In this study, we argue that even though these studies be stepping stones to conduct pedagogical flock, however they argon non fit for qualitative seek since a recent review from National Institute of Child Health and Human Development claims, rigorous experimental and qualitative research that defines and characterizes effective teaching systemologies that demonst treasure improved student carrying into action is limited. This model has been developed from teachers perspective and analyzes their role in the success and failure of students. The conditions identified are based on a literature review on tutor and teacher accountability. Questionnaire entropy were collected from a representative teacher sample (N = 206) in 6 State Secondary initiates in in the four r earingal zones of Mauritius.Keywords accountability, QualitativeINTRODUCTIONThe bring for teacher accountability is to evaluate a teacher, akin evaluating any other professional, one needs to determine what that professional needs to know and be able to do , and then how that professional demonstrates this knowledge through public presentation (John Schacter).Reports from development policy specialists help us see how we come to hurt failing grooms, low-per motleying students, and little accountability (Unicef report, 2000) and how we lowlife devise the affordable, reasonable, and workable accountability administrations and incentives we need to raise student learning. Therefore, following Earl LeMahieu (cited in Earl, 20057) we understand that, Accounting is gathering, organising and reporting information that describes exploit. Accountability is the conversation astir(predicate) what the information means and how it fits with everything else that we know, and about how to use it to founder positive changes.In fact various literatures stress upon how accountability has become a cornerstone of disciplines reforms. Gurr (20062) notes that, in recent time in that respect has been intense interest in most parts of the world to create dodges for monitoring school day performance. De Grauwe and Naidoo (200420) refer to the worldwide trend towards school evaluation.The Mauritian rail is presently experiencing a need to assure academic success and development for every last(predicate) students and the focus is on providing opportunities for students achievement and removes barriers to students access (Strategy course of study 2008- 2020). In this blithe the focus is on finding ways to reach more than students and on the implementation of strategies for successful teaching and learning. At a time of rapid proficient advances, there is a need to increase standards-based education through a tack togetheration of accountability to account for acade mic achievement (Strategy Plan 2008-2020).Global placementRecent reform initiatives have laid increasing emphasis on teacher accountability. The aim of President Clintons Goals 2000 Educate America Act of 1994 was to shift the focus from inputs to results and this reform initiative led to a national development of standard-based educational reform (Herrera Murray, 2006). According to McLaughlin and Shepard (1995), standards-based education can be defined as background standards of performance in academic subject areas as a means of improving the substance of school curricula and increasing the motivation and effort of students, teachers, and school systems and thereby improving student achievement. In addition to setting high standards, the reform aimed at making educators feel accountable for what students learned and their performance on measure tests (McLaughlin Shepard, 1995).The No Child Left Behind (NCLB) law (2002) mandates that USA states adopt comprehensive accountabil ity systems for identifying and improving underperforming schools. The major focus of NCLB is to provide all children with a fair, equal and significant opportunity to obtain high quality education.The moves towards a more balanced and sustainable approach to school accountability emergencees in England followed the disembarrass of the Governments Green Paper in 2003 called Every Child Matters. Under the accountability and integration proposal outlined in this paper, the creation of an inspection framework for childrens run was to beactioned with the Office for Standards in Education (Ofsted) taking the lead in bringingtogether joint inspection teams.School and teacher accountability relates to an current pursuit of quality improvement and at the same time providing public assurance. De Grauwe and Naidoo (200439) conclude that the challenge is not to choose between accountability and quality improvement, scarce to find the right balance between these aims, between internal and e xternal evaluation, between the criteria set by central authorities and those set by the school staff itself, between the demands of the public and the needs of the professional community.Opinion is divided on the impact of school evaluation and accountability processes on the performance of schools. many an(prenominal) authors question the inherent value of the components of some systems. Elmore (cited in Gurr, 20063) disputes the long-term worth of external accountability environments and suggests that for real and sustained school improvement, teachers and principals need to take more responsibility for the outcomes they influence.Hattie (200512-13) argues that we must develop an accountability system that is located from the student level upwards, directly involving and influencing the teacher and principal level, as such a system is more wish wellly to have major effects on the quality of teaching and learning.Leithwood (2005) proposes the adoption of a reciprocal, profession al approach. Together with the assessment of student progress, he emphasizes upon the importance of developing and appraising teachers performance against professional standards.The Reports on School Accountability Framework Review, National and International Perspectives and Approaches help to have an insight in the accountability processes in other countriesIn Scotland a system of proportional receipt has been established linked to the findings of school inspections.In some USA and Australian states various regional and district based work are called upon to stand-in schools in response to reviews and the analysis of test results.Finland, South Korea and Singapore have a strong focus on teacher training and continued professional development for serving teachers and principals. In Finland the initial selection process for students applying for the teacher education program is very rigorous. All teachers graduate with a Masters degree (5 years).South Korea has recently introduce d an evaluation system for teachers and principals, while in Singapore teachers and principals are appraised using the Enhanced cognitive process Management strategy. Every school is to have a School Staff Developer to check off that training and professional development programs cut through teacher needs while maintaining a focus on school goals.Experienced teachers in Ontario, Canada are formally evaluated every three years. Inexperienced teachers are mentored, closely monitored and evaluated. An unsatisfactory rating for any teacher can result in a recommendation for termination.In contrast with general trends De Grauwe (200478) notes that in Finland, a country that consistently performs at the highest level in international tests, the national inspection system was discontinued in 1991. Decision-makers felt that the benefits from external inspection and advice services were minimal and that, in view of the high level of training and professionalism of teachers and the strong parental interest in the schooling of their children, quality control could be altogether trusted to them.Accountability as an Auditing ToolAn accountable educational system can be set up and managed through strategic planning processes, which govern and guide the system, where it is going and how it is going to get there (Kaufman et al, 2002).In the work world, prudence and employees are held accountable. Those that do well gain merits and are promoted. The marketplace creates incentives for their effective performance, holds them closely accountable, and rewards success. Likewise, the accountability principle extends to most sectors of Mauritian life more significantly the private sector. Unfortunately, the Mauritian school system lacks the marketplace accountability, which is seen only at the level of large-scale examination systems associated with higher achievement, Cambridge School Certificate and Higher School Certificate.Educators resistance to testing and accountability is not surprising and is rather to be expected. Neither doctors nor bricklayers would choose to be accountable for their effort, it would be some(prenominal) easier for them to set up that alls well as they request higher compensation (Evers et al.) Government-generated movement for accountability is broadly speaking welcomed by the public, vigilantly accepted by the school personnel liable for implementing them and skeptically viewed by the teachers who are to be appraised (Odhiambo, 2003). Accountability is a contentious and factious issue regardless of the context within which it operates. It is not unusual for teachers to openly, or covertly, resist involvement in appraisal schemes for numerous reasons, ranging from a fear of minus information becoming public to a complete lack of trust in the appraiser (Dimmock Walker, 2005).According to the report prepared by Michael Heim for Hawaiis School leadership Academy on Accountability in Education A electrical fuse for Schoo l Leaders, the author based on different literature review comes up with the Conceptual model for accountability.Heim writes that, The evaluative nature of accountability, i.e., using authority justifiably and credibly, is an essential characteristic. The evaluative mark is what distinguishes accountability from reporting. Furthermore he asks a aboveboard question,Who is responsible for what to whom?The Who is Responsible? and To Whom? components contain numerous accountability providers and recipients policymakers, the government, education officials, school staff, parents, students, the general public, and special interest assorts.It can be noticed that there is an internal-external dimension to accountability. That is, accountability relationships arise internally within the same organization, and also externally that is with recipients outside the organizationThe following diagram tries to integrate various accountability frameworks found in the literature with the definition of accountability used herein. The diagram contains the necessary components required of a conceptual model for accountability.Conceptual Accountability ModelCUsersAdminDesktopAccountability in Education A Primer for School Leaders_filesAccountability.pngSource M. Heim, Hawaiis School Leadership Academy on Accountability in Education A Primer for School LeadersTeachers are responsible for accomplishing tasks such as aligning curriculum, classroom instruction, and student assessment practices. Teachers are also responsible for truly involving others so that the co-production of learning can be successful. Attention must be given throughout these efforts to thoughtfully cultivate a relationship with students. Accountability between students and teachers, teachers and parents, and students and parents, can only exist on a mutually agreed relationships and responsibilities among them.Student learning is not a one way traffic or unidirectional, it encloses many factors, some of which ar e within the authority of school and its staff to control, and others which are not. Whatever the educational circumstances and limiting factors contri only whening to educational goals, teachers must make a difference in the lives of children and youth. Teachers accountability for student outcomes, then, must highlight the ways and extent to which they have contributed to making a difference. Testing students performance is useful, but information that shows growth or improvement over time is essential (Heim, ).1.3 Reform Initiatives on Accountability and Quality in the Mauritian Educational SystemInternational commitments such as Education for All, Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategies, and the Millennium Development Goals increasingly influence strategy decisions and planning in the Mauritius education sector. Over the past decades, through the different policy papers and reports, the Government has aimed at creating an education system responsive to the emerging needs of socie ty. Besides, the new Programme-Based Budgeting (PBB) system demands achievement in return for investment, and it requires a system of performance measurements at all levels of the education system.According to the Strategy Plan 2008-2020, the vision of the Government is to ensure Quality Education for all. Teacher performance, student assessment and the structure of the system are specifically designed to improve the quality of education and ensuring excellence for all. Quality in the education system requires accountability on the part of teachers for both the learning environments they provide and the learning outcomes they enable their students to achieve (Strategy Plan, 2008).In 1991, the Master Plan pointed out that there were insufficient accountability and poor communication within the educational system as duties and responsibilities were not clearly defined. There was no School Management Division. The Master plan therefore proposed an improved and more effective system of management by re-establishing policy and in operation(p) management of responsibilities at all levels to achieve accountability (Parsuramen, 1991). One of the recommendations of the White Paper (1997) was that Heads of Schools should manage their schools within clear policy guidelines and accountability parameters (Pillay, 1997). Moreover, the Action Plan (1998) insisted on accountability and transparentness at each level and the setting up of a Quality Assurance Division in order to achieve increased quality and salute effectiveness in the education system.At the turn of the new millennium, Obeegadoo in his reform plan Ending the Rat Race (2000) highlighted that for colleges to be centres of excellence, it is necessary to have a close monitoring of standards with clear lines of accountability. The Strategy Plan 2008-2020 also indicated that performance indicators should be set up so as to increase the accountability of school personnel to produce results.Existing FrameworkThe Ma uritian System has developed accountability frameworks which consist the components of school planning, school self-assessment, school reporting and school review (internal or external). Self-assessment and reporting are usually annually based, planning is often both longer term (3-5 years, strategic) and annual (operational) with review cycles.With the purpose of ensuring the accountability of teachers within the educational system, the following indicators are in placeGuidelines such as, the National Curriculum Framework, define the task and responsibilities of teachers.The Personnel Management Manual of the Ministry ensures amity and stability of employee action through specified rules and regulations.Quality Assurance Teams assess teaching and learning.Heads of Schools monitor the work of teachers through regular class visits.A Performance Management System (PMS) is in place. After being on a pilot basis in 2009, the system will be fully operational in 2011.Establishment of cle ar reporting guidelines and schedules.Performance Analysis Report provide statistical data on student achievement results and progression fortune pass rate at SC and HSC level.1.5 Barriers/ Limitations that exist2 levels one general, second specific (related to our topic)According to David Blake (Quality Assurance in Teacher Leadership Education, A case study) the emerging framework for quality assessment in teacher evaluation is clearly problematic because many problems such as definition, workload, funding, bureaucracy and set are involved.Furthermore, sanctions and rewards are elements of the accountability processes and as mentioned above, teachers as the appraisee are scared of the appraiser. Furthermore to hold the appraisee accountable there needs to be valid and steady-going assessment mechanisms.Teacher accountability, as per various studies, is very broadPurpose of the StudyThe purpose of the study is to find out whether state secondary school teachers feel accountable f or their students performance. This study examines the roles and responsibilities of state secondary teachers and it aims at transforming teachers into accountable, responsible competent collaborators, demonstrating best practices.This article reviews the research on teachers accountability for quality education and proposes that by implementing firm teacher performance based accountability systems (The Milken Family Foundation, 2000), can improve teaching practices and ultimately students success.METHODOLOGYSurvey MethodThe survey method is a research method to gather data about people, their opinion and behaviours (Wikipedia, 2010). The survey method was selected as it is an efficient way of collecting information from a large number of respondents. Survey is flexible as it produces a wider range of information compared to other methods, like direct observation, experimentation (Wikipedia, 2010). Several questions can be asked about the given topic, thus conferring considerable f lexibility to the analysis, and standardised questions make measurement more accurate. Statistical tests can be used to determine validity, dependableness and statistical significance (Wikipedia, 2010). There are two types of surveys, viz. questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires are usually paper-and-pen instruments which the respondent completes whilst interviews are completed by the interviewer based on the say of the respondent (Trochim, 2006).For the purpose of our study, we found that the Questionnaire method would be best for our situation.Questionnaire DesignData was collected through the use of questionnaires. Our survey used the quantitative measure, i.e. forced-choice questions were used. cross-section(a) survey was used, as information was gathered on a population of State Secondary College teachers, as of October 2010.Once we had selected Questionnaire as our survey method, we had to construct the survey itself by tackling a few issues, including the different ty pes of questions, decisions about question content and purpose, decisions about question wording, decisions about response format, and, question placement and sequence in our questionnaire.Our survey consisted of close-ended questions, where the response options were exhaustive and mutually exclusive. Two types of response scales were used, namely, dichotomous, and four-point Likert.Five main sections have been duly taken into consideration while designing the questionnaire namely Respondent Profile, Planning and Preparation, Classroom Environment, Instruction, Professional Responsibilities and Support and Demand. These are essential components regarding collection of data in connection with teacher accountability for quality education.ParticipantsA representative sample of State Secondary School teachers was selected from a population of 3439 teachers so as to collect questionnaire data. The study was explained to the teachers and they were asked to fill in a questionnaire. The que stionnaire data was collected from a sample of 206 teachers from 6 State Secondary Schools from the four Educational Zones in Mauritius. 3 of the schools are termed as State Colleges and are high-performing schools with an modal(a) pass rate of 80%, whilst the other 3 schools are low-performing schools with an average pass rate of 75%.The sample was 59% fe phallic and 41% male the age ranged between 23 and 60 years with an average age of 30-40 years. The participants belonged to 14 different departments.Limitation of the studyThough there are advantages to the questionnaire method, we would, however, like to point out that there are a number of weaknesses to the method. For instance, the quality of responses cannot be judged and respondents honesty cannot be proven. Human biases for e.g. ego of the respondents are there.High response rates were not achieved out of the 300 questionnaires distributed, only 206 were retrieved. The period during which the survey was carried out was not appropriate due to the fact that many teachers were involved in Cambridge examinations at that given time. Moreover, some respondents did not attempt a few questions whilst others, although having the best of intentions, could not find the time to respond to the questionnaire. Others misplaced the instrument or forgot to return it.It was also noted that though secrecy was assured, some respondents were unwilling to provide certain information as they felt this would somehow intrude on their confidentiality, for e.g. some omitted to specify whether they were the Head of Department or not.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONPurpose of studyThe purpose of the study is to find out whether state secondary school teachers feel accountable for their students performance. This study examines the roles and responsibilities of state secondary teachers and it aims at transforming teachers into accountable, responsible competent collaborators, demonstrating best practices.Respondent ProfileMale (%)Female ( %)Age group30-4041-505010.658.812.917.630.055.010.05.0Teaching experience5-15 yrs16-25 yrs25 yrs13.454.913.418.325.259.79.25.9Educational zone123412.958.815.312.922.341.39.926.4PostingGaetan Raynal SCShrimati Indira Gandhi selective serviceQuartier Militaire SSSSookdeo Bissoondoyal SCSir Leckraz Teeluck SSSSharma Jugdambi SSS13.121.43.614.334.513.126.411.615.79.914.022.3Type of postingPermanentSupplyMedco88.27.14.789.26.74.2DepartmentEnglishFrenchMathematicsScienceSocial StudiesComputerEconomicsAccountsHome Economics trick and DesignDesign and TechnologyPhysical EducationOriental Languages/ HinduismMusic and Dance5.18.920.317.73.81.37.610.102.56.35.18.92.516.513.07.89.61.71.75.23.54.35.201.725.24.3Head of DepartmentYesNo23.576.519.280.8Working periods16-2021-25252.43.622.671.44.15.825.664.5Qualifications sheepskinDegreeMasters4.869.026.25.065.329.8Professional trainingYesNo64.635.449.650.4Teacher Accountability/Effectivess Performance Management SystemOne of the governments princi pal stated reasons for introducing performance management into schools was that it claimed doing so would help improve the professional development of teachers (DfEE, 2000, p.3). The PMS (Performance Management System) in Mauritius allows the educator to be assessed based on a variety of competencies, of which he/she has to choose at least ten. This new tool of performance appraisal of teachers is still at its initial stage in Mauritian schools. The results obtained are provided below. circuit card 1 Educators self-rating based on competencies enlisted in PMSFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidAlways8340.341.341.3 a lot8239.840.882.1 rarely2512.112.494.5Never115.35.5100.0Total20197.6100.0MissingSystem52.4Total206100.0The study carried out by Brown, A (2005) showed that performance management can, under certain circumstances, help to improve the quality of primary education in England. with new challenges in the field of education, teachers also basically need to be a ssessed by such appraisal systems so as to maintain accountability. However, the study by Monyatsi, P. et al (2006) in the context of teacher perceptions of the effectiveness of teacher appraisal in Botswana concluded that though some teachers consider teacher appraisal as an axe ready to chop teachers which is contrary for the appraisal process to serve the purposes of accountability, yet, through the appraisal process as practiced in Botswana secondary schools, teachers can gain increased knowledge and skills, which ultimately enhance their performance in their daily duties in the schools Our study supports this fact as out of 205 respondents in this section, 146 educators organise and manage their classrooms effectively whereas on 2 of hem seldom do so.To bring about a rise in performance through efficiency and effectivenss, there are two major aspects which need to be taken into account. One, professional development of the teacher and second, accountability. The Strategy Plan 2 008-2020 caters for this aspect by focusing onlifelong learning of the educator. With the growing challenges in education, teachers roles are changing rapidly. globalisation and meeting international educational standards demand the teacher to be more professional in his/her teaching tasks. Teachers are expected to be equipped with updated trainings in pedagogy, teaching skills and professional development. Many countries are coming with teacher appraisal management systems so as to make the teacher of today become accountable at various levels.(ON DEMAND SUPPORT ?)The study conducted on teacher accountability demonstrated that the expectations of educators as far as support in the form of trainings, opportunities to work with experienced teachers or even participation in decision making are much below and somewhere, there is a co-relation between support and the accountability of educators towards their multiple tasks they perform. Though, many educators (107 often give remedial work, 94 often encourage group learning and 94 collect feedback on students performance whereas on 1 educator never does so in all the cases) are accountable towards their modes of instruction and are satisfied with their teaching practices, yet,some seem to be less accountable as far as performance of students on an overall basis is considered (18.9%). Many have held the subgenus Pastor responsible for the overall rate of failures or passes while detaching themselves from the schools performance. Normore (2004) mentions that being accountable means, among other things, being obligated or subject to giving an account. In saying that someone is accountable we could fee-tail that he/she is obligated to give a report, description, explanation, justifying analysis, or some form of exposition of reasons, causes, grounds, or motives for what we have observedTable 2 Educators feel rector is accountable for acedemic success/failure of studentsFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative Percen tValidAlways4923.824.724.7Often5124.825.850.5Rarely6431.132.382.8Never3416.517.2100.0Total19896.1100.0MissingSystem83.9Total206100.0It implies that, based on our survey, educators in Mauritius are normally very much satisfied with performance at their departmental level rather than at the institutional level. Many (144 educators) assert that they are satisfied with their classroom teaching only.As for the Planning and Preparation aspect, most educators do prepare their Lesson Plans and their Scheme of Work on a regular basis (135 out of 206 always do so). reveal of 203, only 1 educator never preprares the Scheme of Work. Out of 203, 13 rarely align their objectives with the National Curriculum Framework. Hanley, C. (2009) documents a number of the ways in which accountability pressure has changed school instructional policies and practices in Floridas low-performing schools, and relate these instructional policy and practice changes to increased student performance.Many educators a lso felt that demonstrating a general feeling of warmth, care and respect towards their students make them accountable and thus, contribute to their professional development (140 always do so whereas only 3 never do so). Feeling responsible towards the classroom setting and oraginsing and managing classrooms effectively has an impact on the performance of students and therefore bring quality teaching, they believed. This is why, a considerable number of educators take care of these aspects with existing infrastructure at their particular schools. However, some educators (40 rarely and 4 never do so) do not feel responsible/accountable for preparing their students for competition and collaboration in a global economy. This confirms that the vision of the Ministry of Education and Human Resources, as stated in the Strategy Plan 2008-2010, has not totally reached the understanding of educators. Another reason might be that though the vision is noble yet appropriate infrastructure and t raining are just now to be provided to schools for implementation.3.4 Teacher Experience a

Gender Equality in Employment

Gender Equality in Employ handstEven though Men and Woman constantly fashion and compete in this nightclub for perception and rewards. Nowa geezerhood Woman is given disturb opportunities in each profession from business organization to Defense. still thither is an historical saying that Men argon stronger and tattle than Woman, Which is true to some extinct notwithstanding when we compargon todays universe of discourse we say that its totally disagree able-bodied state custodyt. In e genuinely profession woman ar showing at that place talent and hard work and making others praise them. Recently in a study conducted by an UK University on that point argon fewer things that should be measured, Men are 30-40% stronger than Woman and Woman are 10% much smatter than Men (Sunderland University, 2007).Today we enkindle see that Customer armed service and Other Office point jobs are mainly henpecked by woman, in which aggression levels are not accepted, where as Enginee ring and Construction oriented jobs are dominated by Man. By this we can understand that Men are more aggressive than Woman. regiwork forces all around the cosmea actively support woman to produce part in country wordment expect some Gulf countries where woman are barely allowed to work in shootices notwithstanding not in other sectors. Woman are excelling now a days in e really profession, they are jumper lead countries and business, Recently Ger numerous another(prenominal) elected its starting line woman prexy and companies like Pepsi Co. and other Fortune 500 are managed by Woman CEOs. Women are made as brand ambassadors for many foreign brands like Cannon, Sony etcBut still in some parts of the world women are criticized and not able to perform, the recent assassination of former and the first women president of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto, which shocked the entire world ( newfangled York Times, 2008). some(prenominal) influential women around the world areassassinate d for dominating men. Although many western countries already started respecting women in every action they perform. Social relationships of women with men are weakening resulting divorces. Domestic violence against women in the Western countries like get together States increased a lot since 1980s. Women are informally abused by Men, making them restricted to some part of the society. Statistics prove that three out of every four women were subject to abuse 9% of which was d atomic number 53 by ex-husbands, 35% by boyfriends and 32% by ex-boyfriends (Domestic Violence-Report of an Inter-Agency on the job(p) Party, 1992), Governments passed strict rules even death sentence in Republic of China for abusing women. go about all these problems still women are evenly competing with men in all areas. Some of the more or less influential women in the world are Oprah, Hillary, Mother at that placesa, Benazir Bhutto, Indira Ghandi, Angelina Jolie, and many others.Literature ReviewThe scope of this research is whether women can truly be successful in the world dominated by men, in which I study various topics on women development which are explained below. I explained the various stages of women development during prevail century. In current situations women are given follow opportunities with men, but can this really done? The basic idea of this research is women are still striving over the domination of men. I examined many Surveys, Interviews, and observances to include in this project, which claims the result. There are some work outs which prove the fact.The most important genial changes for woman development are identified as Gender Equality around the world makes a clear description of the women development. Resource Availability towomen worker to prove them in the society, Schemes launched by Governments to Women empowerment and the Advertising Media interference to the issue like rating top influential women in the world bought some radical change s in the society.MethodologyWhen I Studied the Recent Survey on Womens empowerment and ripening I found that in Globalizing world Men and Women are given equal sex rights. Still, the violence towards women is an epidemic Against which no country in immune. Womens empowerment is different in different countries we can take an exercise of Developed, Developing and Underdeveloped Countries. The women in Developed countries seem to assign more rights and freedom than the development and underdeveloped countries. People in western countries honor women for there excellence and courage, but in some Gulf, African and Asian countries they are not able to even go out of their homes.During last Iran war thousands of women are made homeless and widows, many Western NGO (Non Profit judicatures) came forward to patron the separate people by providing some work under Government schemes. In a Recent domain Poll on Women rights conducted by World Public Opinion 89% of Mexican said its ve ry important for women to have equal rights as of men, where as 77% of linked States people said its very important and the average stands at 59%. The majority of the people around the world are supporting equal rights (World Public Opinion, March 6th 2008). unite Nations (UN) started participate actively around the world for women development. In a questionnaire survey conducted in 16 countries 14 countries responded in favor of UN in actively participating for women development, however in EgyptMost of those polled (70%) think the United Nations should not get involved in efforts to improve womens rights and among the Palestinians views are evenly divided.On average, 64 percentage approve of UN efforts to further the rights of women, while 28 percent say this would be improper interference. (World Public Opinion, March 6th 2008).In 2004 The OECD was subsequently asked to investigate the barriers for women in academic and non-academic research careers in New Zealand. The report s say that women has taller rate of enrollment in higher education with 9.4% where as men as 8.2% (OECD and Ministry of inquiry Science and Technology, Feb10, 2005). By which we can easily understand women are stepping an ahead of men in scientific careers. When we compare the turnover rate of Women with Men here is the result of the survey conducted in 2004 for African Women maturement, since 2000, the turnover rate for women has been higher than the rate for men. Turnover for female public servants increased from 12% in 2000 to 13% in 2004. The turnover rate for male public servants remained unchanged over this period (at 10%). This Survey in any case proved a Psychological factor which is making women focus on there development is the family responsibility. Overall, 52% of women earned less than $40,000 (compared with 33% of men) and 5% earned more than $80,000 (compared with 12% of men). The pay banquet between the median salary for female and male public servants decreased between 2000 and 2004, from 17% to 16%. Women are reaching bleak heights, attaining maturement and development. The migration of women has everlastingly been an important component of outside(a) migration. As of 2000, 49 per cent of all international migrants were women or girls, and the proportion of females among international migrants had reached 51 percent in more developed regions. (2004-World Survey on the Role of Women in Development, Conducted by UNESCO), Even though women are facing more troubles than man have, these factors all lead to the terminal of social relationships between man and woman making a self competing world.When I Studied a Recent survey on Women Rights here is what I like to present Globalization is a multi-dimensional process of economic, political, ethnic, and ideological change. It has had a mixed impact on womens rights. On the one hand, it has led to increase violations of womens economic, political, and cultural rights in large measure due to the withering away of the welfarist/developmentalist state, the feminization of poverty, the expansion of religious fundamentalisms, and new forms of militarism and conflict. It has been noted by many international womens organizations, for example, that the new trade agreements contravene the spirit and often the letter of international conventions on human rights, attention rights, and womens rights. On the other hand, aspects of globalization have provided women with increasing opportunities to work in solidarity at national, regional, and international levels to demand their rights. UNSECO is actively working on the implementation of advanced Human Rights which mainly focus on function on Women security and welfare.The women are seeking equal work culture in organizations, which are now only enjoyed by men. In many companies the women as less pay rates when compared to men, where as security of a women working in a company is less. World Jurisdiction has ample of cases registe red on familiar harassment on women.When I made a Research on Recognition of Women in the society Women all around the globe are esteem and treated as important source of development and existence of human mankind. International Womens Day (IWD) is observed on March 8th Which is celebrated across the globe. It is a major day of global celebration for the economic, political and social achievements of women. The first IWD was observed on Feb 29th, 1909 in the United States. Many women marked there positions as the most influential persons in the world, Such as Mother Teresa who was given Woman of the Century for her service. Women proved in every area such as Polictics, Business, Adminstration, Law, Engineering etc Women govern nations, managed companies victorious potential decesions, worked in Space and every deal as the list goes on. Countries like Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka are once ruled by princess and these countries give a lot of importance to woman. Woman in these coun tries serve in most influential positions in the Government. Many countries have elected women as Presidents, United States in yet to elect a Lady President. Time Magzine also reported the top most influetial woman on the planet, which is the highest recognition in the society. Women are given Nobel Lauratee for there excellence in the field of specialisation.During an Interview with Vicki Donlan, author of Her Turn and founder of Womens Business describes why its time for women to slip by to step into leadership roles in America, the steps we can take to make this happen and the benefits for women AND men when more women lead. She said women are capable of jumper cable a country like United States without any obstacles, She also stated that women all around the world are intelligent and courages for their development.Indra Nooyi, CEO of Pepsi Co. Indra was named the 1 Most herculean Women in Business in 2006 by Fortune Magazine. As President and Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo , she is the highest ranking Woman in corporate America. Shes helped target over $30 billion worth of deals in the past few years and is taking on the challenge of some fierce competition a newly energized Coca-Cola campaign. She was every confident with her work and decisions she take for the one of the latest business which operates in 190 countries. She always says that every woman can do anything in life, they are equal with men. (Top Business Woman, 2006 by Fortune Magazine)During an Interview with Michelle Crain, Director of Call center, Inc. and one of the most influential women in the business, she started that women are scoop in business and she said about the Women Educational Development as A number of occupations became professionalized through the 19th and 20th centuries, gaining regulatory bodies, and passing laws or regulations requiring particular higher educational requirements. As womens feeler to higher education was often limited, this effectively restricted w omens participation in these professionalizing occupations. For instance, women were completely forbidden access to Cambridge University until 1868, and were encumbered with a variety of restrictions until 1987 when the University adopted an equal fortune policy.Beside Interviews I also observed during my Internet Research I found that women are leading the way in many countries, but in some countries they are lagging behind men. The inspiration of other women makes them to move forward and achieve new heights. For example in United States more than 65% of the women work and 12% are running business in the same way if we take Kenya only 14% of the women work, mainly devoted to Agriculture field. The Women in Countries like China, India and Other Asian Countries are developing and there is an increasing statistics of working women. Governments are taking initiatives for Women Development in these countries by launching schemes for working women. The United States Employment Law is t otally in favor of women by providing same wage rates, pliable working hours and Maternity leaves. It is observed in United States that the women as better Credit Score than men. This shows that Women are constantly developing in the society.The inspiration and Government actions women are excelling and there is lot more to do. The Women in Countries like United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia and Other European Countries are fully development and in pitch contour phase. But the Countries like India, China, Pakistan and Other Asian Countries they still developing Governments are taking active role in Women Development and Empowerment. UN interference is also making them to work on this issue. Reports and Surveys say that Women in North Korea, Kenya and other African Countries are still facing lot of problems, and there is no aid to carry through them.When I made an Internet Research Observation the Women in Developed and Developing Countries are facing sexual harassmen ts at work environment. Governments and Companies passed strict rules against the sexual harassment on women, but the strategy didnt change. The Human Rights Record of the United States in 2004 shows that there are more than 1500 women killed in United States for Sexual Harassments. In India the working women are sexually harassed and killed, recently three cases are recorded in International companies like HP and Wipro, where Call Center Associates were sexually harassed and killed by the Drivers appointed by the companies, this made companies to take initiative in launching GPRS to the cars that are used to pick and drop women employees. The jurisdictions around the world are fully loaded with sexual harassments cases, which are yet to justify.When I made a survey with other women on Streets about the Security on Women the Woman told that the women should develop there own security system to protect against men, by waging fight for human rights. Many activists have already started these types of fights to improve the women rights in the society. Many Women Claim that these types of sexual harassments make women mentally bind to there homes and are not able to work in the environment. Majority of the women said that we are also part of the society and should be value and treated well is the basic point that should be noted by men.When I made an Observation on Women in Business I found that Women are leading many International companies with motivation and high decision making skills, Men and Women equally contribute to the development of the economy. Both are now money maker and creators. UN has taken a step forward to help the women in Business by launching a Development center for Women Development, which focuses on women in Business sectors. Training programs are given to women who are interested in starting there own business.In my Internet Research on Women in Business I found that Fortune 500 Companies are managed and operated by many women. For exampl e Indra Nooyi. The present CEO of Pepsi Co. and another example The founder of Mary Kay Cosmetics created a business that has helped some half a million women fulfills their dreams of business ownership. A popular author and powerful motivational speaker, Lifetime Television named her the Most Outstanding Woman in Business in the 20th Century. Debbi Fields is one of the superior Women Entrepreneur she at age of 20, Debbi Fields was a housewife with no business experience, but a great chocolate chip cookie normal and a dream. Today, Mrs. Fields Cookies is one of the worlds most recognizable dessert franchises, with over 600 stores in the U.S. and ten other countries.When I made an Online Observation on the Women in Scientific Inventions where I found that Women also spread there activity in Scientific Inventions by inventing many prominent inventions in the world. Cancer is one of the most killing diseases on the world, Dr. Marie Curie is known to the world as the scientist who di scovered radioactive metals i.e. Radium Polonium Marie Curie contributed greatly to our reasonableness of radiation sickness and the effects of x-rays. She received two Nobel prizes for her brilliant work, but died of leukemia, caused by her repeated exposure to radioactive material. Mary Dixon Kies in 1809 received the first U. S. patent issued to a woman. Kies, a Connecticut native, invented a process for weaving straw with silk or thread. First Lady Dolley Madison praised her for boosting the nations hat industry. Unfortunately, the patent file was destroyed in the great Patent Office fire in 1836. She is generally regarded as the mother of inventions. Many other women for there excellence in Inventions were awarded Nobel Laureates, in every filed that Nobel is awarded Women had there positions.When I made an Observation on fortunate women in Space and Defense Sector I found that Space Administration is most difficult way to exploring the universe, Women has made everything pos sible there are more than 50 women still date that traveled in space exploring new inventions and discoveries. Tereshkova is a Russian Engineer who was entitled to be the first women in Space she was in space for 2.95 days. NASA has more than 2500 women engineers and technicians working on different space missions. Many explorations which include the recent Mars exploration which was engineered by women, marking there name on top.Many women even died in failures of missions leaving an inspiration note to other women, When studying Successful women in various Internet and Extranet sources I found that nowadays the Women Applications at NASA centers and other Defense Research Centers are increasing, which shows a sign of interest and motivation. There are women Pilots, Engineers, Technicians and other working staff in every country Defense Research and implementation. Many women are leading armies and the defense related issues. incertitudenaireQuestion 1 Do you really think men and w omen are equal in working environment?Question 2 What are the changes you convey to get for better woman working?Question 3 Do you think working men and women have low social relationships?Question 4 What is the role men play in womens working class?Question 5 Do you think men are trusty for women underdevelopment?Question 6 Do you support women working in defense?Question 7 What are the additional rights that a woman is in need of?Question 8 Do you think UN is taking an active role in Women Development?Question 9 What are the measures we have take to develop the women working class in African and other Asian countries?Question 10 Do you think women in western countries are safe?Question 11 What are the measures you suggest for decreasing the Sexual Harassment cases? Please mention a few of the measures?Question 12 Do you think United States has equal gender rights?Question 13 Do you support women having low wage rate than men?Question 14 What is the role that governments should p lay for equal gender rights?Question 15 Whom do you prefer if you have a company?MenWomenThe Data I found when I surveyed 160 women draw close my Neighborhood and on Streets was only 3% of the women show anguish that women are not equally treated to men, there was 94% of the women say that women are equal with men in all fields. When I asked some questions from the above questionnaire in my survey like the response for the survey is 1. Do you think Women are Successful? The Answer was 96% of the women said yes and the rest 4% said up to some extent only needs more development. 2. Do you think United States has equal gender rights? The Answer is degree centigrade% said yes, United States has 100% equal gender rights. 3. Do you support women having low wage rate than men? The Answer in the survey is 74% said yes we support and 26% said no, when I asked them why you are not supporting yourself in wage plan They just answered that Men should know that we are also same in the work.4. D o you support women working in defense? The Answer was 100% percent said Yes, We can anywhere in the world. When I asked my group the most sensitive question in my questionnaire. 5. Do you think working men and women have low social relationships? The Answer is only 12% said yes on baseborn Social Relationships where as 88% percent said No, Its understanding and family responsibility.Discussion on Women SuccessMen had dominance over Women from the inception of human mankind, making them restricted to a very own limits. Men dominated Women in every step of life, taking out the opportunities from her hand. Now the time has come for a rapid change, which is equal existence. This is mainly not agreeable by some men, who always see women in a lower identity. Women responded well for this situation and started protesting for their basic rights. Men and Women must be given equal opportunity and status that men enjoy in the society. Some men agree to this statement, while some say that wom en are not compactable to working situations.While we take some examples of greatest men and women the larger percentage are men, and how the reports are changing even women are having higher rates of success. In earlier days very low percentage of women used to graduate where now the percentage is highly rising above the men, with the effect of Globalization the opportunities for women and men are intimately same in the corporate world. If women are working smatter than men, then a radical change happens in the corporate world which involves switching of gender workers. Some women strongly believe that women are equal to men, which is true only to some extinct, where as in some cases men deal more smatter and quicker than women. Experiments and other surveys show that women concentrate on work more than men, but the decision making skills are slower when compared to men. Governments support to women development is also considered as important step in women achievers. The world aro und us clearly agree that Women as Successes in every step of there life. lift Analysis of Working WomenWhen I made some Internet Research on Women Success, I made a SWOT analysis to test there ability and treats so I made SWOT analysis for both men and women Here is the SWOT analysis of women, by which we can evaluate the points that help the women in there development, also we can evaluate the weakness of women.Strengths Work Concentration, Determination and inspirational towards work.Weakness Physically weak, Psychological Weakness, Barrier for Long Working Hours.Opportunities Government Schemes, Globalization, Equal Gender rights and Special Women Rights.Threats Sexual Harassment, Dominance of Men and Devaluation of Social responsibilities.Here is SWOT analysis of Men, by which we can evaluate on which basis men are leading over women.Strengths Hard Working, Decision Making Skills, High Technical Knowledge and Long Hour Working.Weakness colony to Alcohols, Low Concentration sk ills and Financial Tensions.Opportunities Predominance in Engineering and Construction sectors, Physical Strength and Globalization.Threats Entry of Women to the industry and Government Schemes.Comparison After comparison and researching the two SWOT analyses I can clearly understand that Women and Men are equal in Oppurtunities, Strengths and Weakness but when we see the Treats Women have high risk features when compared to men.Suggestions and OpinionsKeeping Women Success in Research Ive included some suggestions and opinions, that helps in improving the Success rate in Women.Equal Gender Rights and Women Empowerment are the main issues that were faced as critical areas of development by Governments these days. Governments and NGOs appointed several cultural working organizations for this development, which is a devout step but these are mainly concerned to some extent of the geography. Here are some of the suggestions this project includes for Women Development and Equal Gender Rights.Governments in African and Asian Continents should implement more developing schemes and take an initiative for Women Development and Equal Gender Rights. The Women rights in these areas are not well implemented as of many western countries. Governments should enforce Laws relating to wok environment and Sexual Harassments on women.United Nations Role for Women Development in these Areas UN should sanction more International funds to these areas for Women employment, Appoint put up organizations in these areas for educating and training women in specific skills. UN must force Governments to implement Equal Rights for Women and Men.Special Schemes for European Women Workers European Union (EU) is the richest financial market in the whole world, Euro as marked its presence as the Global Trading Currency, Even though the women workers in EU are less when compared to United States andCanada. EU should take initiative in increasing wage plans for Women workers and other fringe b enefits.During my Research I found that Female Discrimination in Asian countries is very high, female child deaths are recorded in every part of Asia, Mainly in India. Indians Psychologically think that females are low productive and represent oriented as they grow up, So poor families kill if a female baby is born, Now a days trend is changing Low Female Child Deaths are recorded. Government intervention in this issue made this happen. Government of India has passed several laws for presentation of early marriage of women and child labor in the society, which is not disabled till now. These types of activities on women should be completely taken out from the society. With Opinion of the people I surveyed, I found that 96% of the women need more Women Maternity Leaves In United States women are generally assigned to taken maternity leave for 30 days which is a good option for the working women to take leave without quitting the job, But I think these leaves should be increased to 4 5-50 days with paid benefits.ResultAfter briefly examining the growth and success of women in the last century and different surveys and interviews based on women development and empowerment. Womens motivation and determination towards work is running them towards success. Women around the world are now empowered with new innovative ideas and techniques with the support of Government and other Organizations. There was a rapid change in the status of women in last 2 decades, they started careers in every profession that man has done. The constant inspiration they get from other women makes them to search for a new opportunity. Women are more exploring temperament than men, so they have new prospective ideas which work. Many women have marked there names as the most influential women on planet background, But when we compare the worlds top 100 richest people in the world we have only two womens listed on. This says there is lot more to achieve.Women have just started off in there su ccess run there is a long distance to travel for status and pride. Men and Women are building competitive work culture, which is having cutthroat competition. Women are fighting for equal rights, even many women welfare and development organizations were established for protecting women against these unlawful issues. Women with tremendous support and motivation whitethorn lead there way to success. Globalization shows a challenging way for women with ample of opportunities from Small Scale industries to Defense.Women have wide spread there fly across each and every profession. During my Research with Women Companies World Magazine, 2007 I found that even companies deigned some professional careers especially for women, in which female domination appears than men such as Tourism and Service Sector Jobs. Women now a day appear more confident in work than men, hard work, motivational levels made them to reach different scales of height.Women are clearly standing on the same stature tha n a man enjoys in the society, Working women are respected and appreciated with rewards. In todays society Men and Women are equally treated with honor and respect, Even though there is no end for Development, Women should move wisely towards the better futures with more and more new innovations in mind. Mother Teresa is truly Women of the Century with working on Social Service as profession, well recognise and honored for her excellence. Mother Teresa Inspirations made many women to work hard towards there goal and destiny.ReferencesA survey on women rights by www.WorldPublicOpinion.org on March 6, 2008.Women Development and Strategies, Women Empowerment A Book written by Desbai in 2000.Increase of Women in Research and Development by Ministry of Research Science and Technology of New Zealand (www.morst.govt.nz).Chapter 8 of Women in Public Service by Government of New Zealand (www.ssc.govt.nz).2004 Survey on role of women in the worlds Development by UNESCO.Worlds leading Busine ss women and there achievements taken from www.leadingwomen.biz.Indra Nooyi, Powerful Business lady www.Capitalistchicks.com.A Survey on Womens loss in Global warming Women Development Environment Organization (WEDO).An Interview with C. Rice (Secretary of State), by Washington post on Dec 15th, 2006.List of NASA women astronauts published in January 2008.Top influential women on the planet earth Fortune BusinessSuccessful women, 2006 Andre Grove

Free Siddhartha Essays: Wisdom is Difficult :: Hesse Siddhartha Essays

As human beings, we sometimes can not synchronize our minds and heads. When we are at our achiever of knowledge or intellect, we blind our mind with our ambition which comes along in reaching the knowledge or intellect. As a young brahmin, Siddhartha, has been taught that Brahmin is the soul of Atman or the Only One (Chapter 1, page 5). It means that Brahmin is the highest position beside the Creator. This intellect alienates Siddharthas Self. He does not think that his superiors Self will give him salvation. Siddhartha thinks his Self conquers himself. He wants his Self to die to find lore and spiritual knowledge.   Rather than searching for his soul, Siddhartha attemps to destroy his Self through suffering of Samanic asceticism. He sees that Samanas knowledge might lead him to his salvation. In page 11 chapter 2, we read ...had one(a) single goal--to become empty, to become empty of thirst, desire, dreams, pleasure and sorrow--to let the Self die. No longer to be Self, to experience the peace of an emptied heart, to experience pure thought... Although Siddhartha does the scourge, he does not find his salvation. He quests his torment which is only escaped from the Self for temporarily. Again, Siddhartha rejects and leaves the Samana ascetic knowledge.   Siddhartha ends his knowledge quests Brahminism, Samanic asceticism, and Buddhism. He turns to the use of his senses in finding his goal. His main goal is to be his Self. His sense of being is isolated by his knowledge. He realizes that he does not know his Self which he has spent his life avoiding. He vows him self to explore the Self.   The second tone of voice of Siddharthas journey is realizing that although he has knowledge, knowledge is not enough without experience. Experience can be gained through practicing knowledge. Also he realizes that thought and sense must be used together to find the way. He meets with Kamala whose beauty and intellegence overwhelms him. Kamalas observation an d sensitiveness religious service Siddhartha to develop his sense of love. To paid for her lectur, he has his think, wait, and fast(chapter 5, page 46). With Kamalas help in another lecture, he gains the combination of the simplicity and intelegence.   As he grows older, he makes a friend with Vasudeva, the rivers man. Their life is near to the end of the harmonization of the universe.

Fate, Destiny, and Predestination in Beowulf Essay -- Epic of Beowulf E

Fate, Destiny, and Predestination in BeowulfAn epic story is one that combines elements of supernatural powers and heroic deeds with plebeian troubles. In Beowulf , the unknown author paints a true yet magnificent tale that is one of the great epic chronicles of the Middle Ages. Like the poems of Homer, Beowulf possesses terrible monsters, men with supernatural powers, the search for glory, and deadly defeats. However, this medieval bill brings a new element into the folds the association between established religious forces and personal choices. The concepts of predestination and fate intertwine in this add with the idea of indigent will. Throughout the poem, characters struggle to understand who and/or what is the guiding force for actions and events. Although this answer remains a mystery, many proverbs and traditions hint at the proper way to harp and act. The advice, Let whoever can/ win glory before death (lines 1387-8), exalts the idea that champions atomic number 18 the most likely to live a bountiful life and are the ones who uphold the highest ideals in society. Bravery and wise choices create circumstances that cannot determine a future, but can help to lead a man to his predetermined best end. A specific incident in Beowulf exemplifies this connection among free will, glory, and predestination. Beowulfs fight with the dragon and dying words demonstrate the overarching idea that although fate, destiny, and God work to direct a man toward his death, free will and the glory acquired because of it determine how a man is remembered and honored during his life. In a society like Beowulfs, control by kings and noblemen, destiny is the most common indication of greatness accordingly, destiny itself is measured most oft... ... and King Beowulfs dying words, the reader begins to form a wee-wee picture of the warriors motivations for previous decisions in the poem. Awareness of the lack of fear of death is an important ingredient to understanding the sometimes rash actions of the protagonist. The apparent non-conflict that Beowulf demonstrates in this last scene between free will and fate allows previous choices to have merit and credibility. In the final lines of Beowulfs life, the reader sees the transition between the living and double-dyed(a) worlds occur in the hero. Because he clearly gains honor and admiration in life due to his choices and will go on to claim his fated canful among the kings in the heavens, Beowulf is the example of this epic poems declaration to attain glory in both life and death. Work CitedHeaney, Seamus, trans. Beowulf . New York W.W. Norton and Company, 2000.

The Smoking Truth :: essays research papers

The Smoking TruthThere are trio major stereotypes when it comes to people who smoke. The three stereotypes are all smokers are unhealthy, all smokers cant stop smoking because they are so addicted, and they all started smoking to fit in with the group. exploitation up I can remember everybody telling not to smoke because it was bad for you, but I never understood why until I took bill of fare to my dad. My dad smokes maybe a half a pack a day and his teeth and clothes show it. He is always out of suggestion and coughing up Phlegm but you just cant judge all smokers by just one smoker. So I chose a specific group of smokers to observe them because they were the unadulterated group to prove or disprove the stereotype since they resembled many of the groups of smokers around the campus.On the balcony right beside my window is the perfect place for a group of smokers to socialize because there is a nice view of Morgantown and its not really in the open so they sacrifice some kind of privacy to talk about what ever they want. I watched a specific group of smokers who got together about five times a day to share stories and make plans for the night to come. This group consisted to two girls and three guys. The first guy always wears a white westmost Virginia University hat turned around backwards, looks as if he works out, about five foot eleven and usually has on a T-shirt and shorts. The trice guy is what you would call chubby. Hes not really sloppy fat but hes not skinny either. He has a couple of chins and a pretty hefty gut. Like the first guy he always a white West Virginia hat with a meagerly different logo and he tips the hat up slightly so it looks as if a strong breeze could blow it off. The trine guy is huge. I think he may play football because I see him wake up early every morning with his lyceum gear on walking down the street with the other football players. He usually wears a tight t-shirt to show off his bulge muscles and a pair of Kaki shorts. The first girl has blond hair and deep blue eyes. She likes to wear tight t-shirts and pants even though she isnt the fittest girl.