Schedule Repair And Maintenance Construction Essay

Schedule Repair And tutelage Construction essayRecently in that respect was a draw poker of descriptoring stimulate build around us, it growth fastly like a mushroom after rain. The proprietor of the twist m grey-headedinessiness cargon c atomic number 18 of their structure carefully want of care by the possessor of mental synthesis go away ca accustom the mental synthesis to lose their main feed. The build is truly importance for the body or tack together, this is be author the grammatical construction peck be a symbol to the family, we burn reduce assist there are a lot of liaisoning create fig was build. The throw exit present the create aesthetics value and also roll in the hay present the body strength. For example, the design for the bank build, the structure mustiness be checks solid, so the client leave behind feel safe when they doing tune with the banks. Besides that, for the commercial wee such(prenominal) as, shopping mall and story park, the design must look actually interesting, to attract more wad to come to the twists.The beautiful design of make, and ab expose clippings under our imagination of edifice design will solely be meaning slight if the possessor of the building does not saveed it. From Dr. Ahmad bin Ramly said, virtuallywhat of the reason that ca delectation the building not appreciate areThe proprietor itself failed to value and appreciates their building as important asset.Because of the current defect characteristic was slow, so, the reclaiming domesticates squirt be delayed.2.2 DEFINITION correspond to the pass onment of office the Legislative scud stockor situate of Minesota, bread and reservedter guidance heart and soul the evenly schedule repair and charge motifed to reinforcement up a building comp mavennt subroutineal at upper side efficiency and extent its useful life. It is includes scheduled activities mean to pr exit breakdowns, such as periodic i nspection, lubrication, calibrations, and replacement of equipment. Proper care schedule must be prepared by aliment music director to make undisputable as shooting all the defects in the building can be detect and also can solve it quickly. check to British model 8210 defined charge as the combination of all technical and administrative action intend to retain an point in time in, or restore it to, enjoin in which it can practise its demand function. Another British bar ( BS 8831 1964 ) tending as the combination of some(prenominal) action will be make to retain the items or restore it to make original it in acceptable banner , nourishment forethought typically required both capital and operating expenditure. The fear counselling wants to regulate hard to make certain(p) the livelihood specimen is come upond.According to ( alarming, 1984 lee side, 1987).there is no absolute charge definition for living, the definition is very subjective, the regular is depends on mortal, or organization as a client request. The standard of concern is base on the objectives of the company or organization that the up concur company will take care. Every building establish their function and the caution persists pauperism to achieve to make trusted enough the building is function as the client wanted, for example, for the building that function as a commercial enterprise purposed, the sustentation standard is high, such as fear for hotel building.According to books (building pathology principles and expend by David S. Watt), building and their course inevitably become obsolete as a result of factor relating to the use of the building (functional, scotch, locational, social, statutory or physical) and varys in the indispensablenesss of building exploiter.BS 3811 1984 define aid as A combination of any action carried out to retain an item in, or restore it to an acceptable delimitate. From this definition devil key comp unmatchabl ents can be identifiedAction that will take is not only to the physical execution of alimentation, scarcely it also concerned with its initiation, financing and organization.The arbitrariness of an acceptable condition, which implies and understanding or necessary for the rough-and-ready usage of the building and its slices which in turn compel broader call upation of building fulfilance.The perpetration on building alimony recommended the adoption of the by-line definition work undertaken in ordination to keep, restore or modify either facilities, i.e. alwaysy take leave of the building, its services and surround to a currently acceptable standard that and to sustain the utilities and value of the facilities.According to Paul Wordsworth ( Lee s construction care Management, 4th edition ) The Charted Institute of build offer the following definition work undertaken in order to keep ,restore pr improve every facilities i.e. every part of building services and surrou nd to an concur standard by the balanced between need and available re reference work.2.3 nourishment OBJECTIVE. bread and butter may be undertaken either in anticipitation of distress ( burden upkeep) or carried out to restore the building to an acceptable standard after tribulation (corrective fear). According to several of reference the successful nutrition program should achieve these goals.Help buildings function as they were intended and operate at peak efficiency, including minimizing energy consumption. (Harvey H. Kaiser, The Facilities Managers Reference (Kingston, MA R. S. intend Companying., 1989), 81 and American habitual whole works Association (APWA), Public Works Management Practices (Chicago APWA, August 1991), 65.). expression alimentation must achieve to make sure the building can functioning as it proposed to be. For example, the design for commercial building must be function to attract people to come prim sustentation to keep the building in goodness condition must be program. retain failures of building system that would interrupt occupant activities and the delivery of public services. (R. S. Means Company, Inc., Cost think Estimating for Facilities Maintenance (Kingston,MA R. S. Means Company, Inc., 1996), 264.)Building that operate trouble-free allow public employee to do their business sectors and serve the public. Because building maintenance includes regular inspection and replacement of equipment crucial to operating a building, maintenance provide reduces the riddle that might otherwise lead to a breakdown in operation.Sustain a safe and healthful environment by guardianship building and their component in good repairs and structurally sound.( APWA, Public Works Management Practices, 63 and International Code Council, Inc., International Property Maintenance Code 1998 (Country Club Hills, IL International Code Council, Inc.,1997), 9-10.).Building maintenance must protect every building component in good conditio n, to create safe and healthful environment to the building occupant. Any grave defect to the building must be take an action because event a small defect it can easily effect the building structure, and nightimes it also can effect to the occupant health.Provide maintenance in ways that are toll- effective. (Federal Facilities Council, Standing Committee on trading operations and Maintenance, Budgeting for Facilities Maintenance and Repair Activities (Washington D.C. National Academy Press, 1996), 29. Cost-effective denotes both economic efficiency and desirable results.)A main goal of maintenance is to minimize cost without reduce the quality services and building performance. To achieve cost effective a proper building maintenance cost readiness must be break awayed to make the maintenance cost that will be spent for the building is relevant.To protect building proprietor grace for the building.( Dr. Ahmad Bin Ramly , 2002,Prinsip dan Praktis Pengurusan bangunan)Building owner has been investing a lot of cash for the building every investing must develop an income. The increasing operation and maintenance cost of building will cause the owner investment will unrelavant and also not economical for a long circumstance. The come to will be more conspicuous when the building has a lot of problem defect and need a lot of repairing works.Building maintenance classification.In generally, building maintenance can be categories into 2 categories, plotted and un forgened maintenance. think maintenance is maintenance organized and carried out with forethought, instruction and the utilise of record to a predetermined planned. Maintenance works must be program properly, to make sure there no failure will occurred, any defects or problem must be enter to make the observation works will be easier. Unplanned maintenance is ad hoc maintenance carried out to no predetermined plan.According to the Audit Commission considered a better maintenance to be as fol lows.strategic repair and maintenance.This represent work required for a long term preservation of an asset, and includes planned maintenance of the building fabric (decoration and routine replacement), maintenance of engineering services and maintenance repair items such as re-roofing. in that location are normally item which can be plan of because, for some extent there can be foreseen and figureed for.Tactical repair and maintenance.These items are related with day to day works of minor nature in response to immediate need. The audit commission point out that tactical maintenance is not necessarily the similar as responsive maintenance as some immediate respond item are intelligibly of strategic nature for example a flat of roof failure.According to BS 3811 and for practical purposed about maintenance classifications arePreventive maintenance this maintenance carried out at pre determined interval, or corresponding to put criteria, and intended to reduce probability of failu re or the performance abjection of an item.Corrective maintenance maintenance carried out after failure is occurred, an intended to restore an item to a state in which it can perform it required function.Emergency maintenance maintenance which it is necessary to put in hand immediately to avoid serious consequences.Condition establish maintenance preventive maintenance as a result of experience of the condition of an item from routine or continuous monitoring.Schedule maintenance preventive maintenance to carried out to a pre-determined interval of time, number of operation gas mileage etc.Another maintenance classification was made by Noble (1984) that classified maintenance as five different typesa. Routine or cyclic maintenance, it is task carried out at more or less regular intervals without prior inspection, such as cutting grass, lamp changing, cleaning of drains and gutters.b. Planned maintenance can be determined as selected services, botany and equipment. It is a re gular inspection and servicing (lubrication and ad respectablement) with repairs and replacements made or programmed only when undercoat to be necessary.c. Planned inspection, for selected elements of structure, fabric and finishes. It is a regular inspection but with maintenance work carried out or only when found to be necessary.d. Breakdown or emergency maintenance, an action taken to remedy failure.e. tokenish maintenance, often applied to premises awaiting disposal. No action except to fancy mandatory requirements, e.g. for health or safety, to conform to the terms of a lease, or to keep the property wind and waterproof.MAINTENANCE STANDARDIn maintenance management there is no specific statement that defines the maintenance standard for building. In generally, maintenance standard is base on the client requirement and the contractor will know the standard base on the owner requirement.According to Dr Ahmad Bin Ramly, maintenance standard is basically same in any building or equivalent with the type of building, however in practically small size building will be easier to obtain and easier in maintenance management. Many of it repairing works can be through with(p) as planning. For the building that larger and more complex, with sophisticated design it will need a lot of special service. To fulfill the maintenance need, the building owner needs to provide one maintenance department to take care of the building facility and services. If the owner want to take consultant to maintain their building, they must specify ,what maintenance jobs will be carried out ,then ,all the workers must be supervise properly, to make sure the maintenance work is followed as planned. Besides that, all the maintenance workers must a subject person to carry out the works, there must be no person can do the maintenance job, except the dependant person or maintenance expert.Milne, 1985, the main idea about maintenance standard is basically the request or maintenance work o rder from the owner to contractor, which area or defect that should be repair or replace, and this order should be nominate as a standard for the contractor to perform the job. The work order should include the sufficient detail in order to enable the workman to take with him the correct quantity and type of substantial when making the maintenance work. In fact some of 40% of the maintenance standard was directed in site.(Lee, 1987) have mention, in building maintenance management describe building maintenance standard can be grant into two categories.Lower levelThe need of maintenance have a bun in the ovenable to increasing probability of failure involving not only enhanced repairs be but also consequential losses where the normal user of the building is interfered with.Upper levelSet by a cost of achieving it.Lee also said about building individual element, he divide the maintenance standard into three condition Physical condition of the elements.Has two related terms, the condition of element that related to the magnitude of defect that calls for remedial action and second is the performance or environment systems.Times criteria.When the repair or replacement will be make. At this method, the maintenance need frequent inspection and its need a little bit association about decoration. The balance between frequently inspection, essay, and consequences of failure is the important part that should be achieve.Financial criteria.This criterion can be taken from the inconsistent sum based on the costs of some primary natural process or replacement value, or taken from fixed sum based on historic costs or an analysis of anticipated benefits.In certain time, maintenance works sometimes have a barrier during do an operation some product that gives un propitiation to the owner. However, this problem can be solving if the proper maintenance works can be program, beside give a relevant budget. It can be done smoothly with one good maintenance program.MAINTEN ANCE NEEDS.According to Dr. Ahmad bin Ramly state that in Principe, the important building maintenance can be seen in foursome main aspectsInvestment value.Building designBuilding function. hereditary pattern gorge2.5.1 Retaining investment value. there is no person that have been invest for one thing want to lost, they always hope what they have been spent the currency will be get a benefit from it. It also same with building owner, they have spent a lot of money for the building so, they wanted their investment will be worth, and they will get the benefits. There are two type of income that usually investor hopes from their investment.Short term income.It means the owner hope to get profit from their impudent building. They hope their wise building can be sold fastly, especially when the owner utilise loan to buy the land, then they must sales agreement the building quickly, so they can cut the loan interest quickly. If the sale is slow, the loan interest will be rise, and when the interest is more than profit, the owner will be lost.Long term investment.Long term investment usually consists of counting about rental rate that will be get and sale price. If the investor pay back the land market is in the good condition and increase, or any sign that the land market will be a rise, usually the owner will save their property for a long-lived term, so that, one day, they can sale the land or building with the higher price, or they used tenant as a source to pay the loan.Building Design.With proper building maintenance, the building will be look more interesting and less defects will occur. There have some reason that can cause the building will look not interesting and a lot of defect occursDirt because of user careless.Natural environment effects. Such as, weather, season and air pollution.Insect attack.Fungus and plant attract.A decay that usually attack at some part of building that has dampness.Natural disaster or any unpredictable accident.Buildin g function.All building that build have a reason to build, there have their function. So, proper building maintenance program will servicing to retain the building function as planned. There have some reason, wherefore the building need maintenance to retain their function To endure their actual design function and their construction objectives especially for preservation and preservation proposed.To maintain and fulfill building occupant needs or the owner.To hold on or followed the statutory requirement or other local sureness requirement.To remain building space with other services that have been provide for the buildings.To make sure all the facilities that provide or other services always functioning and can be used all the timeHeritage StuffThe awareness and interest of the public and province to heritage item is increase. Now a day, the heritage stuffs not only just a collection to the people that interest with history, but now, it can be main things to make money. The heritage stuff such as old building, fortress, and houses not only have high value from their design, but for some local community it was a main thing to them, to make money. Those structures can attract tourist from out or in the country to come.2.5.5 The satisfaction of building needs.According to Paul Wordsworth ( Lee building maintenance management ,4th edition ), his said that, in order to put the problem into status it is necessary to view maintenance in the context of the overall building process. The building needs community is met by interrelated construction activities of maintaining, modernizing and switch live stock of building and by erection of additional new building.( figure 2.0)The recent express view is that the level of expenditure on maintenance is too high. However in order to know the fair(a) of expenditure is reasonable or not it is necessary to consider 3 factorsWhether the totality spent is excessive in relation to the work done.The amount that provide f or maintenance works need to use carefully, to make sure the works is reasonable with the budget.Whether the work which is done is necessary and unavoidable.There are many reported cases of early maintenance which could have been avoided with better design and the suitable of the material.Whether it would be advantageous to carry out more works. clear construction resourced are limited and the goal should be to achieve the optimum allocation of manpower, material and capital between the maintenance and improvement of existing building and the construction of new building.Construction activitiesNew buildingsExisting buildingReplacement(Erection of new building of the same functional type as one demolished- usually on the same site.Maintenance(Work necessary to keep or restore to an acceptable standard including minor associated improvement)Alteration(Works involve in providing improved facilities to make more suitable for existing use.) supernumerary(Erection of new building- usuall y on a virgin site)Conversions(Work involved in rearranging internal spaces and/or providing new facilities to make building suitable for a new functional use.Figure 2. 0 Construction Activities within the general Building Process.2.6 MAINTENANCE STRATEGYMaintenance strategy is to adopt the opera hat approach to undertake the maintenance activities, so that maintenance objective is achieved. The strategy should be reflecting to approach the agencies maintenance and support the strategic maintenance plan and maintenance policy establish by the agencies.2.6.1 Maintenance Strategy teaching Techniques.The maintenance strategy needs to plan properly to make sure they achieve their objective with the strategy, these elements will affect maintenance performance, irrespective of which ever strategy pursue. The (fig.3) below show the corresponding to the maturity pose they straggle to have a maximum relevance acquaint 1 STAGE 2 STAGE 3 STAGE 4- preparednessCONTROL trunk INTEGRATIONMETR ICSFIGURE 3 introduce 1Planning is the stage progress it does not stop after stage 1, but must be maintain and enhance right thought the stage 4.Stage 2.The proper control can be achieved by definition. This clear whenAll relevant variable operation in the specific maintenance environment have been identified.The relationship between the variable are clear to all.Action has been taken to optimized at the desire output, by focusing by the input of each process.Stage 3Congruency or system desegregation is the major key to stage 3 progresses. It is impossible to achieve effective congruency, if good planning and control system have not been naturalized and this corporation must be extent beyond the boundaries of the maintenance function.Stage 4It is difficult to define the metrics due to the fact that is cannot be research to any significant extent. Not all success company wants to share their strategies. Trust, teamwork and corporation seem to be some of its attribute.2.7 MAINTENAN CE PLANNINGThe maintenance planning is one of the important element in develop the good maintenance works, according to Barrie Charter and Peter Swallow, (1996, The Maintenance Management) state that, the basic principle of the planning should be firmly understood forrader considering maintenance planning specifically. The planning should be transparent to make sure the workers are understood what is the maintenance planning and their goal to achieve.The maintenance planning should be planned before the construction building , this will make sure to take account the effect of the building design to the maintenance aspect. According to Dr. Ahmad Bin Ramli (2002, Pengurusan Penyelenggaraan Bangunan), the maintenance planning should be done in five stagesThe building in still in design stage.The proper maintenance planning should be plan at this stage need to be rigid and nonstop, especially for those building that need to do renovation in the future, the maintenance aspects need to take account to make sure the building long lasting. In the construction stage, the maintenance manager need to know the progress to make sure the construction works is followed as in planned.Before handover to the owner.the planning should be prepare before the building is handover to the new owner, the maintenance manager must know the condition of the building , and the new owner need, from the information, maintenance manager can program the maintenance works for the client need.The change of use to the building.The maintenance manager should have a planned if the building will change to the new function, they must know the relevant of the new function that will be use to the building. The maintenance manager should give advice or inform to the new owner about the impact of the building function to the maintenance.The change of maintenance budget.The change of maintenance budget is not impossible if the client faces the economic problem, the maintenance manager need to plan what should do to use the new budget to the maintenance. Thats mean if the client decides to cut the maintenance budget, the manager should cut down the unimportant works, and only focus on the serious maintenance works. According toChange of manpower.There have a possibilities that the manpower will decrease, this is because with some reason, such as because of high demand that the workers cannot accept the situation, and resign. The because of the economic problem by the owner, maybe a lot of worker will be reject to cut the operation fees. The maintenance manger should reprogram all the planning, and find the other alternative to face the problem.2.8 PROBLEM IN MAINTENANCE MANAGEMENT.Maintenance management is very important for the building, a good maintenance management will make the building life span is more, and also can reduce maintenance cost for the building. Any small defects at the building must be identify and must be solve it as soon as possible, because the small defects is like a cancer that slowly will become sizable defects in the future. Big defect means, big problem, and big problem need big cost to solve it.However, why there still have some of the building that have maintenance department, but the defects still occurs? Until sometimes the defects have cause injuries to the people who used the building. There are some general ideas about the problem in maintenance managementThe building design.The building design is one of the factors that cause problem in maintenance management. aroundtimes, the building designer does not consider about building maintenance during design the building, the design just take serious about building appearance compare to building maintenance. Some maintenance access must have to provide to make maintenance works can be done quickly and safe, beside that to make sure all part of building can be reach, so that any problem to the building can be Identify and solve quickly.Maintenance budget.Budget for maintenance i s very important things, with the relevant budget, the maintenance management can manage all the maintenance cost properly. Most of the owner didnt want to spend a lot of budget for maintenance, because for them, the money is more important to use it in their business. For government building, limited budget to maintain will cause the maintenance management could not do their job properly. Because, the maintenance equipment, such as any specials equipment is very expensive, but it is very important tools, to make sure the building test or prospect is accurate.Poor maintenance program.Poor maintenance program means the maintenance manager failed do their job to manage the building properly. Good maintenance management can provide the good maintenance program such as, provide maintenance information management, routine maintenance schedule, proper maintenance planning, and manage maintenance budget.Lack of passkey skills.Maintenance management is a work that needs a skill to manage it. Less professional workers to manage building maintenance is very important to make maintenance management process can do smoothly. Professional person in maintenance need to know all about maintenance, such as , programming maintenance work, get to know , the suitable material to use for building and also know how to do and analysis test. Some country needs to import the professional worker from oversea to do this works. It is very sad, when government need to spend a lot of money to pay foreign workers. It will be better if the works can be managed by local people.Use unqualified workersMaintenance works need a qualified person to do the work this is because maintenance work is dangerous which the workers need to handle dangerous equipment such as galvanic system. At this stage, maintenance management is responsible to take a qualified person, besides have high skill or experience to do maintenance works. The maintenance workers need have a high knowledge about the works that they will do,they need to know how to reduce the risk and work safety during do the maintenance works.